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Hydrodynamic models

Tetsufumi Hirano

TL;DR

This paper surveys how relativistic hydrodynamics describes RHIC heavy-ion data and connects hydrodynamic evolution to jet quenching and thermal photon production. It argues that elliptic flow near midrapidity approaches the hydrodynamic limit, suggesting rapid thermalization, while fluctuations and CGC-based initial conditions modify multiplicities and anisotropies. It discusses viscosity as a small but important correction and highlights approaches to model the early stage with event-by-event fluctuations and CGC-inspired initial energy densities. The work emphasizes hydrodynamics as a quantitative framework for QGP properties and points to open questions about thermalization time, the HBT puzzle, and chemical non-equilibrium effects.

Abstract

Recent developments based on relativistic hydrodynamic models in high energy heavy ion collisions are discussed. I focus especially on how hydrodynamics works at RHIC energies and how one can use the most of it in analyses of jet quenching and thermal electromagnetic radiations. I also comment on improvement of initial conditions and viscosity in hydrodynamic models.

Hydrodynamic models

TL;DR

This paper surveys how relativistic hydrodynamics describes RHIC heavy-ion data and connects hydrodynamic evolution to jet quenching and thermal photon production. It argues that elliptic flow near midrapidity approaches the hydrodynamic limit, suggesting rapid thermalization, while fluctuations and CGC-based initial conditions modify multiplicities and anisotropies. It discusses viscosity as a small but important correction and highlights approaches to model the early stage with event-by-event fluctuations and CGC-inspired initial energy densities. The work emphasizes hydrodynamics as a quantitative framework for QGP properties and points to open questions about thermalization time, the HBT puzzle, and chemical non-equilibrium effects.

Abstract

Recent developments based on relativistic hydrodynamic models in high energy heavy ion collisions are discussed. I focus especially on how hydrodynamics works at RHIC energies and how one can use the most of it in analyses of jet quenching and thermal electromagnetic radiations. I also comment on improvement of initial conditions and viscosity in hydrodynamic models.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 10 sections, 3 equations, 1 figure.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Results from the hydrodynamic approach at RHIC
  3. Information inside fluids
  4. Jet quenching
  5. Electromagnetic radiation
  6. Improvement of initial conditions in hydrodynamic models
  7. Fluctuation of initial conditions
  8. Initial conditions from the colour glass condensate
  9. Viscosity
  10. Summary and Discussion

Figures (1)

  • Figure 1: (Left) $v_2$ divided by the number of constituent quark from the hydro+jet model. (Right) Initial transverse energy density distribution of one specific event in a central Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV from NeXus. Courtesy of SPheRIO collaboration.