Non-Perturbative Effect on Dark Matter Annihilation and Gamma Ray Signature from Galactic Center

Abstract

Detection of gamma rays from dark matter annihilation in the galactic center is one of the feasible techniques to search for dark matter. We evaluate the gamma ray flux in the case that the dark matter has an electroweak SU(2)_L charge. Such dark matter is realized in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) when the lightest SUSY particle is the Higgsino- or Wino-like neutralino. When the dark matter is heavy compared to the weak gauge bosons, the leading-order calculation of the annihilation cross sections in perturbation breaks down due to a threshold singularity. We take into account non-perturbative effects by using the non-relativistic effective theory for the two-body states of the dark matter and its SU(2)_L partner(s), and evaluate precise cross sections relevant to the gamma ray fluxes. We find that the annihilation cross sections may be enhanced by several orders of magnitude due to resonances when the dark matter mass is larger than 1 TeV. Furthermore, the annihilation cross sections in the MSSM may be changed by factors even when the mass is about 500 GeV. We also discuss sensitivities to gamma ray signals from the galactic center in the GLAST satellite detector and the large Air Cerenkov Telescope arrays.

Figures (15)

• Figure 1: Contour maps of the lightest neutralino mass (solid line) and the mass difference between the lightest neutralino and chargino (dashed line) in $(M_2, \mu)$ planes with $\tan\beta = 4$ (two top figures) and $\tan\beta = 40$ (two bottom figures) in the MSSM. $M_2 = 2M_1$ is assumed. Shaded areas correspond to the Higgsino-like region ($|Z_{13}|^2 + |Z_{14}|^2 > 0.9$).
• Figure 2: Contour maps of the lightest neutralino mass (solid line) and the mass difference between the lightest neutralino and chargino (dashed line) in $(M_2, \mu)$ planes with $\tan\beta = 4$ (two top figures) and $\tan\beta = 40$ (two bottom figures) in the MSSM. $M_2 = M_1/3$ is assumed. Lighter shaded areas correspond to the Higgsino-like region ($|Z_{13}|^2 + |Z_{14}|^2 > 0.9$), while the darker shaded areas are the Wino-like one ($|Z_{12}|^2 > 0.9$). The radiative correction in Eq. (\ref{['dmcor']}) is included for depicting the contour of the mass difference in the Wino-like regions.
• Figure 3: Dominant diagram in the Wino- or Higgsino-like neutralino annihilation to two photons at one-loop level, when the neutralino is heavy compared to the weak gauge bosons.
• Figure 4: Dominant diagram in the Wino- or Higgsino-like neutralino annihilation at ${\cal O}(\alpha\alpha_2^n)$, in which $n$ weak gauge bosons are exchanged.
• Figure 5: Annihilation cross sections ($\sigma v$) to $\gamma\gamma$ and $W^+W^-$ when $\delta m = 0.1, 1$ GeV for both the triplet and the doublet EWIMPs. Here, $v/c = 10^{-3}$. The leading-order cross sections in perturbation are also shown for $\delta m = 0$ (broken lines).