Science with the Square Kilometer Array: Motivation, Key Science Projects, Standards and Assumptions

TL;DR

This work revisits the SKA science case in light of advances in cosmology and astrophysics, arguing for a dramatic increase in collecting area to probe HI to high redshift and enabling precision, multi-wavelength science. It structures the science program around nine working groups and five concrete Key Science Projects (KSPs), linking astronomical goals to concrete design requirements to steer the SKA’s configuration and pathfinder activities. The document also codifies standard specifications and acknowledges potential improvements, uncertainties, and the broader ecosystem of international collaboration. Overall, it provides a roadmap that aligns scientific ambition with instrument design and funding strategies for next-generation radio astronomy.

Abstract

The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) represents the next major, and natural, step in radio astronomical facilities, providing two orders of magnitude increase in collecting area over existing telescopes. In a series of meetings, starting in Groningen, the Netherlands (August 2002) and culminating in a `science retreat' in Leiden (November 2003), the SKA International Science Advisory Committee (ISAC), conceived of, and carried-out, a complete revision of the SKA science case (to appear in New Astronomy Reviews). This preface includes: (i) general introductory material, (ii) summaries of the key science programs, and (iii) a detailed listing of standards and assumptions used in the revised science case.