Advanced Holographic Multi-Antenna Solutions for Global Non-Terrestrial Network Integration in IMT-2030 Systems

Abstract

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are expected to provide ubiquitous connectivity across terrestrial and non-terrestrial domains. This will be possible by integrating non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) to extend coverage to underserved areas. Antennas are central to this vision, with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies receiving the most attention due to their ability to exploit spatial multiplexing to improve link capacity and reliability. However, conventional MIMO can consume significant energy, as each antenna element typically requires an independent RF chain. This limitation is particularly critical in non-terrestrial systems, where onboard energy resources are limited. Holographic MIMO (HMIMO) has emerged as a promising alternative in this context. These systems are based on theoretically continuous apertures, where radiation is generated through controlled modulation of surface impedance. This enables beamforming mechanisms with significantly fewer RF chains, reducing power consumption. In this work, we make the case for HMIMO as a suitable candidate for NTN integration within IMT-2030 systems. We discuss its advantages over conventional MIMO and present a case study of HMIMO integration in LEO-based multi-user communication.

Figures (3)

• Figure 1: Illustration of NTN integration as envisioned in IMT-2030, where satellites, HAPS, and UAVs complement terrestrial coverage infrastructure to serve maritime, rural, and urban areas.
• Figure 2: Proposed HMIMO-enabled LEO satellite architecture for multi-user communication via RIS-ABS.
• Figure 3: Sum-rate as a function of the number of elements ($N = K$) for RHS and T-RIS under various channel conditions.