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Characterization of FR3 Cellular Vehicle-to-Base Station Links in HighRise Urban Scenarios

Fahimeh Aghaei, Mehdi Monemi, Mehdi Rasti, Murat Uysal

Abstract

Driven by the escalating demand for wireless capacity and advancements in 6G research, the new Frequency Range 3 (FR3) referred to upper mid-band (7.125-24.25 GHz) has emerged as a highly compelling spectrum candidate. This range offers a trade-off exploiting the high bandwidth capabilities of millimeter wave frequencies and the superior propagation characteristics of sub-6 GHz bands. As such, the upper mid-band presents an opportunity to enhance both coverage and capacity particularly in the context of 6G and Cellular Vehicle-to-Base Station (C-V2B). Crucially, realizing this potential requires overcoming technical challenges through accurate and realistic channel modeling, especially in dense, high-rise urban environments. To address this, we employ a ray-tracing tool to analyze downlink propagation characteristics, enabling detailed channel modeling for reliable C-V2B communication. Our analysis evaluates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) across sub-6 GHz, FR3, and mmWave bands using antenna array configurations designed for high-rise urban areas. Results show that, under equal aperture sizes across frequencies, FR3 achieves superior SNR compared to mmWave in interference-free conditions. Moreover, under the full-interference case, FR3 yields higher SINR for cell-edge User Equipment (UEs). This indicates that the increased array gain at mmWave cannot fully compensate for the severe path loss experienced by cell-edge UEs.

Characterization of FR3 Cellular Vehicle-to-Base Station Links in HighRise Urban Scenarios

Abstract

Driven by the escalating demand for wireless capacity and advancements in 6G research, the new Frequency Range 3 (FR3) referred to upper mid-band (7.125-24.25 GHz) has emerged as a highly compelling spectrum candidate. This range offers a trade-off exploiting the high bandwidth capabilities of millimeter wave frequencies and the superior propagation characteristics of sub-6 GHz bands. As such, the upper mid-band presents an opportunity to enhance both coverage and capacity particularly in the context of 6G and Cellular Vehicle-to-Base Station (C-V2B). Crucially, realizing this potential requires overcoming technical challenges through accurate and realistic channel modeling, especially in dense, high-rise urban environments. To address this, we employ a ray-tracing tool to analyze downlink propagation characteristics, enabling detailed channel modeling for reliable C-V2B communication. Our analysis evaluates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) across sub-6 GHz, FR3, and mmWave bands using antenna array configurations designed for high-rise urban areas. Results show that, under equal aperture sizes across frequencies, FR3 achieves superior SNR compared to mmWave in interference-free conditions. Moreover, under the full-interference case, FR3 yields higher SINR for cell-edge User Equipment (UEs). This indicates that the increased array gain at mmWave cannot fully compensate for the severe path loss experienced by cell-edge UEs.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 7 sections, 7 equations, 5 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. City Layout and Scenarios
  3. Channel Modeling Methodology
  4. Statistical Evaluation of Downlink C-V2B Performance
  5. FR3 vs. Non-FR3 Band Performance
  6. Impact of BS Density on Coverage Probability
  7. CONCLUSION

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: Generated city model: (a) Based on the ITU statistical model, (b) 3D CAD model of the Dubai downtown area.
  • Figure 2: Directivity patterns for single antenna element and antenna arrays of BS configurations with 2×2, 3×3, 5×5, and 9×9 URA.
  • Figure 3: Vehicle CAD model with antenna placement.
  • Figure 4: (a–b) SNR CDFs under interference-free scenario; (c–d) SINR CDFs under full-interference scenario in HighRise Urban environment by ITU statistical model, and 3D CAD model of the Dubai downtown across different frequencies considering static blockage, respectively.
  • Figure 5: Coverage probability and coverage maps, (a) Coverage probability vs BS density for full-interference scenario across all frequencies corresponding to $\gamma^{\mathrm{th}}$ = 10 dB, (b) Coverage probability map for BS density of 9 BS/km$^2$, (c) Coverage probability map for BS density of 116 BS/km$^2$.