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Exploiting Out-of-Band Information for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Channel Estimation: Performance in Static and Dynamic Scenarios

Faruk Pasic, Mariam Mussbah, Stefan Schwarz, Markus Rupp, Christoph F. Mecklenbräuker

Abstract

To support the high data rates for latency-critical applications, future wireless systems will employ fully digital beamforming multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. Moreover, mmWave MIMO deployments will coexist with conventional sub-6 GHz MIMO systems, creating opportunities to exploit out-of-band sub-6 GHz information to enhance channel estimation at mmWave frequencies. In this work, we analyze the pilot-aided channel estimation performance of mmWave MIMO systems under various pilot configurations in both static and dynamic environments. We evaluate the system performance in terms of spectral efficiency (SE) for line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight propagation conditions. Simulation results show that incorporating out-of-band sub-6 GHz information yields notable SE gains in both static and dynamic scenarios.

Exploiting Out-of-Band Information for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Channel Estimation: Performance in Static and Dynamic Scenarios

Abstract

To support the high data rates for latency-critical applications, future wireless systems will employ fully digital beamforming multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. Moreover, mmWave MIMO deployments will coexist with conventional sub-6 GHz MIMO systems, creating opportunities to exploit out-of-band sub-6 GHz information to enhance channel estimation at mmWave frequencies. In this work, we analyze the pilot-aided channel estimation performance of mmWave MIMO systems under various pilot configurations in both static and dynamic environments. We evaluate the system performance in terms of spectral efficiency (SE) for line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight propagation conditions. Simulation results show that incorporating out-of-band sub-6 GHz information yields notable SE gains in both static and dynamic scenarios.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 13 sections, 18 equations, 3 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System Model
  3. Channel Model
  4. Link Establishment
  5. Training Phase
  6. Data Transmission
  7. Channel Estimation Methods
  8. Conventional
  9. Out-of-band Aided MRC (OOBA-MRC)
  10. Simulation Results
  11. Performance in Static Scenarios
  12. Performance in Dynamic Scenarios
  13. Conclusion

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Pilot symbols at each antenna occupy a certain number of subcarriers such that they do not overlap in the frequency domain. The 1-symbol pattern (top) confines all pilot transmissions to a single OFDM time-symbol, the 2-symbol pattern (middle) expands the pilot allocation over two OFDM time-symbols, while the 4-symbol pattern (bottom) spans four OFDM time-symbols per transmission direction.
  • Figure 2: At a lower SNR of 0 dB, increasing the number of pilot symbols does not yield a significant improvement in SE (left), whereas at a higher SNR of 10 dB, the performance gains become more pronounced (right).
  • Figure 3: At a low $K$-factor of $-$20 dB, the OOBA-MRC method provides no gain in achievable SE compared to the conventional method (left) and at a high $K$-factor, its relative gain increases with the number of pilot symbols (right).