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Simultaneous plane illumination and detection in confocal microscopy using a mode-selective photonic lantern

Rodrigo Itzamná Becerra-Deana, Simon Desrochers, Raphaël Maltais-Tariant, Simon Brais-Brunet, Guillaume Ramadier, Stéphane Virally, Lucien E. Weiss, Caroline Boudoux

Abstract

Confocal microscopy is the cornerstone of cellular biology and biomedical research due to its non-destructive imaging, compatibility with live cells, sensitivity, optical sectioning, and subcellular resolution. To meet the demand for rapid three-dimensional imaging, we propose a novel approach using a mode-selective photonic lantern (MSPL). This fiber-based device transforms single-mode light into multiple linearly polarized modes, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple planes. Using a four-port MSPL to manipulate three group modes (LP$_{01}$, LP$_{11}$, and LP$_{21}$), we demonstrate high-throughput imaging simultaneously with multiple planes. This technique exploits differences in focus sections across modes, enabling individual multi-plane detection via a spatial division multiplexer, with some trade-off in resolution and field of view.

Simultaneous plane illumination and detection in confocal microscopy using a mode-selective photonic lantern

Abstract

Confocal microscopy is the cornerstone of cellular biology and biomedical research due to its non-destructive imaging, compatibility with live cells, sensitivity, optical sectioning, and subcellular resolution. To meet the demand for rapid three-dimensional imaging, we propose a novel approach using a mode-selective photonic lantern (MSPL). This fiber-based device transforms single-mode light into multiple linearly polarized modes, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple planes. Using a four-port MSPL to manipulate three group modes (LP, LP, and LP), we demonstrate high-throughput imaging simultaneously with multiple planes. This technique exploits differences in focus sections across modes, enabling individual multi-plane detection via a spatial division multiplexer, with some trade-off in resolution and field of view.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 5 sections, 4 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Photonic Lantern and Confocal Microscopy
  3. Plane shift
  4. Multiplane imaging with an mspl
  5. Conclusion

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Photonic lantern and setup schematics. a) Side view of the fused-tapered fiber bundle, showing the four generated modes. b) A confocal system that implements a , featuring a splitter designed to illuminate all ports simultaneously, along with three circulators to independently detect each plane.
  • Figure 2: Axial resolution using a) 20X and b) 3X microscope objectives for each mode of a . Each plot represents the LP mode LP$_{01}$ as solid red, LP$_{11a}$ as dashed blue, LP$_{11b}$ as solid blue, and LP$_{21}$ as solid black.
  • Figure 3: Miror scanned confocal system. Detection performed with LP$_{01}$, LP$_{11}$, and LP$_{21}$,
  • Figure 4: Multiplane sample. a) shows a diagram of the custom sample. Measurements are in millimeters. Simultaneous detection of each plane is exhibited by a) LP$_{01}$, b) LP$_{11}$, and c) LP$_{21}$. d) Maximum intensity projection of the three detceted images.