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No evidence for dynamical dark energy from the Combo correlation of GRBs

Marco Muccino, Massimo Della Valle, Luca Izzo, Orlando Luongo

Abstract

Recently, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration has presented results indicating that dark energy may exhibit dynamical behavior. Calibrated gamma-ray burst (GRB) correlations can be employed to verify or reject a time-evolution of the dark energy (DE) equation of state, $ω(z)$, up to redshifts $z\sim 9$. We use the most updated catalog of GRBs fulfilling the Combo correlation and improve its calibration employing three catalogs of type Ia supernovae at redshifts $z\leq0.075$ and the Bézier interpolation of the Hubble rate, as an alternative to the cosmographic series that fails to be constraining at high redshifts. To test the evolution of $ω(z)$, we adopt a model-independent, redshift-binned DE parametrization. In both the calibration and the DE reconstruction analyses the impact of the spatial curvature on the results is explored. The calibrated Combo correlation yields a Hubble constant $H_0\sim70$ km/s/Mpc which alleviates the existing Hubble tension and is broadly consistent with current measurements, although the uncertainties prevent a high-precision measurement. Regarding the reconstruction of $ω(z)$ of DE, spatially curved scenarios are disfavored and, despite the apparent ''phantom'' behavior at $z\lesssim0.55$ due to the limited statistics caused by the shortage of nearby events, at $z>0.55$ the analysis provides statistically robust evidence in favor of the cosmological constant scenario. The Combo correlation alleviates the Hubble tension and shows no significant evidence in favor of dynamical DE. This suggests that GRBs, as distance indicators, are broadly consistent with the current cosmic distance ladder.

No evidence for dynamical dark energy from the Combo correlation of GRBs

Abstract

Recently, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration has presented results indicating that dark energy may exhibit dynamical behavior. Calibrated gamma-ray burst (GRB) correlations can be employed to verify or reject a time-evolution of the dark energy (DE) equation of state, , up to redshifts . We use the most updated catalog of GRBs fulfilling the Combo correlation and improve its calibration employing three catalogs of type Ia supernovae at redshifts and the Bézier interpolation of the Hubble rate, as an alternative to the cosmographic series that fails to be constraining at high redshifts. To test the evolution of , we adopt a model-independent, redshift-binned DE parametrization. In both the calibration and the DE reconstruction analyses the impact of the spatial curvature on the results is explored. The calibrated Combo correlation yields a Hubble constant km/s/Mpc which alleviates the existing Hubble tension and is broadly consistent with current measurements, although the uncertainties prevent a high-precision measurement. Regarding the reconstruction of of DE, spatially curved scenarios are disfavored and, despite the apparent ''phantom'' behavior at due to the limited statistics caused by the shortage of nearby events, at the analysis provides statistically robust evidence in favor of the cosmological constant scenario. The Combo correlation alleviates the Hubble tension and shows no significant evidence in favor of dynamical DE. This suggests that GRBs, as distance indicators, are broadly consistent with the current cosmic distance ladder.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 17 sections, 24 equations, 8 figures, 4 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The updated Combo sample
  3. The standardization method
  4. The calibration of slope and extra-scatter parameters
  5. The calibration of the cosmic distance ladder via SNe Ia
  6. The calibration of the intercept parameter
  7. Results
  8. Testing the evolution of dark energy
  9. Dynamical dark energy from DESI observations
  10. Redshift-binned parametrization of dark energy
  11. Results
  12. Discussion
  13. Future prospects
  14. Conclusions
  15. The C244 catalog
  16. ...and 2 more sections

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: Rest-frame $0.3$--$10$ keV LLC of GRB 060418A with the prompt + steep decay (dashed gray), the plateau + late decay (dot-dashed gray), and the total (solid red) best-fitting curves. The black dots are the data filtered by the flares (blue dots).
  • Figure 2: The C244 sample (gray circles with errors) in the flat $\Lambda$CDM model with $H_0=67.36$ km/s/Mpc and $\Omega_m=0.3153$. The best-fit (solid blue line) and the $1$- and $3$-$\sigma$ bands (dark and light blue shaded regions, respectively) are also displayed.
  • Figure 3: The slopes $\beta_i$ from Table \ref{['tab:no3']} of each sub-sample at $z_i$.
  • Figure 4: Comparison of $H_0$ constraints obtained from Planck (purple triangle), DESI+BBN+$\theta_\star$ (blue reversed triangle), ATC DR6 (green star), PP+SH0ES (orange spades), C244+SN$_{\rm max}$ (red square), and C244+SN$_{\rm SALT2}$ (black circle). The $1$-sigma constraint from C244+SN$_{\rm max}$ is marked with a light red shaded area to highlight the reduced tension between $H_0^{\rm R}$ (Planck) and $H_0^{\rm P}$ (PP+SH0ES). See text for details.
  • Figure 5: Standardized C244 distance moduli (gray data with errors) compared with standardized best-fit curves (solid blue) and the Planck2018$\Lambda$CDM model (solid red) for $\Omega_k=0$ (left panel) and $\Omega_k\neq0$ (right panel).
  • ...and 3 more figures