Logo
ScienceStack
Table of Contents
Fetching ...
Sign In

Empirical and Statistical Characterisation of 28 GHz mmWave Propagation in Office Environments

Ayodeji Bolanle Balogun, Sokipriala Jonah

Abstract

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology at 28 GHz is vital for beyond-5G systems, but indoor deployment remains challenging due to limited statistical evidence on propagation. This study investigates path loss, material penetration, and coverage enhancement using TMYTEK-based measurements. Statistical tests and confidence interval analysis show that path loss aligns with free-space theory, with an exponent of n = 2.07 plus or minus 0.073 (p = 0.385), confirming the suitability of classical models. Material analysis reveals significant variation: desk dividers introduce 3.4 dB more attenuation than display boards (95 percent CI: 1.81 to 4.98 dB, p less than 0.01), contradicting thickness-based assumptions. Reflector optimisation yields a significant mean gain of 2.17 plus or minus 2.33 dB (p less than 0.05), enhancing coverage. The results provide new empirical benchmarks and practical design insights for reliable indoor mmWave deployment.

Empirical and Statistical Characterisation of 28 GHz mmWave Propagation in Office Environments

Abstract

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology at 28 GHz is vital for beyond-5G systems, but indoor deployment remains challenging due to limited statistical evidence on propagation. This study investigates path loss, material penetration, and coverage enhancement using TMYTEK-based measurements. Statistical tests and confidence interval analysis show that path loss aligns with free-space theory, with an exponent of n = 2.07 plus or minus 0.073 (p = 0.385), confirming the suitability of classical models. Material analysis reveals significant variation: desk dividers introduce 3.4 dB more attenuation than display boards (95 percent CI: 1.81 to 4.98 dB, p less than 0.01), contradicting thickness-based assumptions. Reflector optimisation yields a significant mean gain of 2.17 plus or minus 2.33 dB (p less than 0.05), enhancing coverage. The results provide new empirical benchmarks and practical design insights for reliable indoor mmWave deployment.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 15 sections, 1 equation, 3 figures, 4 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Related works
  3. Methodology
  4. Results
  5. Path Loss characterisation and Model Validation
  6. Statistical Model Development and Performance
  7. Theoretical Model Validation and Significance Testing
  8. Material-Specific Penetration Loss Analysis
  9. Descriptive Statistics and Distribution Analysis
  10. Statistical Significance Testing and Effect Size Analysis
  11. Discussion and Engineering Implications
  12. Path Loss Model Validation and Theoretical Consistency
  13. Material-Dependent Attenuation: Revolutionary Insights for System Design
  14. Coverage Enhancement Effectiveness: Evidence-Based Deployment Guidance
  15. Conclusions and Future Work

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Path loss measurement setup at 10 cm
  • Figure 2: Penetration loss measurement scenario for LOS case (a) and the NLOS case (b) and (c).
  • Figure 3: Material-specific penetration loss comparison at 28 GHz showing highly significant differences between office materials. Error bars represent standard deviations, with statistical significance indicated (** $p < 0.01$).