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Channel Measurements and Modeling based on Composite Environmental Factor for Urban Street-Canyon Intersections

Xinwen Chen, Ruisi He, Mi Yang, Zhengyu Zhang, Junzhe Song, Jiahui Han, Haoxiang Zhang

Abstract

In urban environments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications require accurate wireless channel characterization. This requirement is particularly critical at street-canyon intersections, where building blockage and rich multipath propagation can severely degrade link reliability. Due to its unique environmental layout, the channel characteristics in urban canyon are influenced by building distribution. However, this feature has not been well captured in existing channel models. In this paper, we propose an environment-related statistical channel model based on 5.8~GHz channel measurements. We construct a composite environmental factor to characterize environmental differences in intersections. Then, the factor is incorporated into 3GPP path-loss model and further linked to small-scale channel parameters. Finally, accuracy of the proposed model is validated using second-order channel statistics. The results show that the proposed model can effectively characterize propagation properties of urban street-canyon intersection channels with different building conditions. The proposed model provides a physically interpretable and statistically effective framework for channel simulation and performance evaluation in urban vehicular scenarios.

Channel Measurements and Modeling based on Composite Environmental Factor for Urban Street-Canyon Intersections

Abstract

In urban environments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications require accurate wireless channel characterization. This requirement is particularly critical at street-canyon intersections, where building blockage and rich multipath propagation can severely degrade link reliability. Due to its unique environmental layout, the channel characteristics in urban canyon are influenced by building distribution. However, this feature has not been well captured in existing channel models. In this paper, we propose an environment-related statistical channel model based on 5.8~GHz channel measurements. We construct a composite environmental factor to characterize environmental differences in intersections. Then, the factor is incorporated into 3GPP path-loss model and further linked to small-scale channel parameters. Finally, accuracy of the proposed model is validated using second-order channel statistics. The results show that the proposed model can effectively characterize propagation properties of urban street-canyon intersection channels with different building conditions. The proposed model provides a physically interpretable and statistically effective framework for channel simulation and performance evaluation in urban vehicular scenarios.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 12 sections, 10 equations, 10 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Environment-Related Channel Model
  3. Measurement Campaign
  4. Measurement Equipment
  5. Measurement Scenarios
  6. Data Processing And Characteristic Analysis
  7. Large-Scale Characteristics
  8. Small-Scale Characteristics
  9. Model Validation and Discussion
  10. Model Implementation
  11. Model Validation and Future Work
  12. Conclusion

Figures (10)

  • Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the environmental-related model.
  • Figure 2: Vehicular channel measurement system.
  • Figure 3: Main hardware components of the sounder, including the vector signal transmitter, power amplifier, rubidium clock, measurement vehicle, receive antenna array, and the three-dimensional radiation pattern of a single array element characterized in an anechoic chamber.
  • Figure 4: Measurement scenarios. (a)–(c) Aerial views of the three investigated urban intersections.
  • Figure 5: Measured distance-dependent path loss and linear fitting of the modified 3GPP-based path-loss model. Circles and triangles denote the measured LOS and NLOS samples, respectively. The black solid and dashed lines represent the LOS and NLOS fitting results of the 3GPP UMi model, while the remaining solid and dashed curves correspond to the LOS and NLOS fits of the proposed modified path-loss model.
  • ...and 5 more figures