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Geometric Properties of Level Sets for Domains under Geometric Normal Property

Mohammed Barkatou

Abstract

This work is devoted to the study of the geometric properties of level sets for solutions of elliptic boundary value problems in domains satisfying the geometric normal property with respect to a convex set $C$ ($C$-GNP class). We prove that, for the classical Dirichlet problem as well as for the coupled system $\mathcal{B}(f,g)$ (related to the biharmonic plate equation), the level sets inherit the $C$-GNP structure. We establish their star-shapedness property, exact formulas for their mean curvature, and characterize their asymptotic behavior near singular contact points (cusps). We also study the stability of these level sets under the Hausdorff convergence of domains, establishing their convergence in the Hausdorff sense, in the compact sense, and in $L^1$. The analysis relies on adapted coarea formulas, leading to Faber-Krahn, Szegö-Weinberger, and Payne-Rayner type isoperimetric inequalities. In order to go beyond the purely qualitative framework of the $C$-GNP class, we introduce and analyze two new quantitative geometric measures: the thickness function $τ_Ω$ and the convexity gap $γ(Ω)$. We rigorously study their behavior, regularity, and continuity under Hausdorff convergence. These theoretical tools open up new perspectives for shape optimization under geometric constraints, the study of free boundary problems, and the geometric control of latent spaces in machine learning.

Geometric Properties of Level Sets for Domains under Geometric Normal Property

Abstract

This work is devoted to the study of the geometric properties of level sets for solutions of elliptic boundary value problems in domains satisfying the geometric normal property with respect to a convex set (-GNP class). We prove that, for the classical Dirichlet problem as well as for the coupled system (related to the biharmonic plate equation), the level sets inherit the -GNP structure. We establish their star-shapedness property, exact formulas for their mean curvature, and characterize their asymptotic behavior near singular contact points (cusps). We also study the stability of these level sets under the Hausdorff convergence of domains, establishing their convergence in the Hausdorff sense, in the compact sense, and in . The analysis relies on adapted coarea formulas, leading to Faber-Krahn, Szegö-Weinberger, and Payne-Rayner type isoperimetric inequalities. In order to go beyond the purely qualitative framework of the -GNP class, we introduce and analyze two new quantitative geometric measures: the thickness function and the convexity gap . We rigorously study their behavior, regularity, and continuity under Hausdorff convergence. These theoretical tools open up new perspectives for shape optimization under geometric constraints, the study of free boundary problems, and the geometric control of latent spaces in machine learning.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 39 sections, 51 theorems, 91 equations.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Review of the $C$-GNP Class
  3. Structure of Level Sets
  4. Definition and First Properties
  5. Strict Inclusion Conditions
  6. Structural Role of the Inclusion
  7. Differential Properties of Thickness Functions
  8. Extension to the Biharmonic Problem $\mathcal{B}(f,g)$
  9. Link Between Geometric Conditions and Existence Conditions
  10. Review of Conditions
  11. Fundamental Link for the Problem $\mathcal{QS}(f,g)$
  12. Case of the Biharmonic Problem $\mathcal{B}(f,g)$
  13. Convergence of Level Sets
  14. Geometry of Level Lines
  15. Star-shapedness with Respect to $C$
  16. ...and 24 more sections

Key Result

Proposition 2.2

For every $\Omega \in \mathcal{O}_C$, there exists a thickness function $d:\partial C \to (0, +\infty)$ such that: where $\nu(c)$ is the outward normal to $C$ at point $c$. The function $d$ is continuous and locally Lipschitz on $\partial C\setminus \partial \Omega$.

Theorems & Definitions (108)

  • Definition 2.1: $C$-GNP
  • Proposition 2.2: Radial parametrization
  • proof
  • Definition 3.1: Level sets
  • Theorem 3.2: Radial structure of level sets
  • proof
  • Corollary 3.3: Monotonicity of thickness functions
  • proof
  • Proposition 3.4
  • proof
  • ...and 98 more