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Clustered Movable Pinching Antennas: Realizing Beamforming Gains and Target Diversity in ISAC Systems with Look-Angle-Dependent RCS

Ata Khalili, Brikena Kaziu, Vasilis K. Papanikolaou, Robert Schober

Abstract

We investigate a novel integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system enabled by pinching antennas (PAs), which are dynamically activated along a dielectric waveguide. Unlike prior designs, the PAs are organized into multiple clusters of movable antennas. The movement of the antennas within each cluster enables transmit beamforming, while the spatial separation of different clusters allows the system to illuminate the target from multiple angular perspectives.

Clustered Movable Pinching Antennas: Realizing Beamforming Gains and Target Diversity in ISAC Systems with Look-Angle-Dependent RCS

Abstract

We investigate a novel integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system enabled by pinching antennas (PAs), which are dynamically activated along a dielectric waveguide. Unlike prior designs, the PAs are organized into multiple clusters of movable antennas. The movement of the antennas within each cluster enables transmit beamforming, while the spatial separation of different clusters allows the system to illuminate the target from multiple angular perspectives.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 15 sections, 1 theorem, 59 equations, 7 figures, 1 table, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System Model
  3. Pinching Antenna Configuration
  4. Transmit Signal Model
  5. Communication Channel and Metric
  6. Sensing Channel and Metric
  7. Problem Formulation
  8. Proposed Solution
  9. Subproblem 1: Cluster Selection and Activation Duration Optimization
  10. Subproblem 2: Beamforming via Movable PAs and User Scheduling
  11. Proposed BCD-Based Solution
  12. Convergence Analysis
  13. Complexity Analysis
  14. Simulation Results
  15. Conclusion

Key Result

Lemma 1

For any Hermitian $\mathbf X\succeq \mathbf 0$, $\operatorname{rank}(\mathbf X)=1$ if and only if $\|\mathbf X\|_*-\|\mathbf X\|_2=0$, where $\|\mathbf X\|_*$ denotes the trace norm Rank. Utilizing Lemma 1, $\text{C14}$ can be equivalently written as

Figures (7)

  • Figure 1: Illustration of the considered downlink PA-assisted ISAC system with a DFRC-BS, dynamically activated PA clusters, multiple communication users, a radar receiver, and a target. $\Sigma(m)$ denotes the RCS coefficient for cluster $m$, which depends on the corresponding look angle $\theta_{m}$.
  • Figure 2: Block diagram of the proposed solution to problem $\mathcal{P}_{0}$ based on the AO-based Algorithm 1.
  • Figure 3: Outage probability versus transmit power for $R_{\min}=0.5$ bps/Hz, $N_\mathrm{T} = 4$, and $\kappa=0.1$.
  • Figure 4: Outage probability versus transmit power for $T=4$, $N_\mathrm{T} = 4$, and $\kappa=0.1$.
  • Figure 5: Outage probability versus transmit power for $T=4$, $N_\mathrm{T} = 4$, and $R_{\min}=0.5$ bps/Hz.
  • ...and 2 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (1)

  • Lemma 1