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Magnetic moments of open bottom--charm molecular pentaquark octets

Halil Mutuk, Xian-Wei Kang

Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the magnetic moments of open heavy-flavor molecular pentaquarks with quark compositions $b\bar{c}qqq$ and $c\bar{b}qqq$ (where $q=u,d,s$). Employing a molecular picture in which the pentaquarks are treated as S-wave bound states of a heavy baryon and a meson, we systematically construct the complete spin--flavor wavefunctions for the two distinct SU(3)$_f$ octet representations, $8_{1f}$ and $8_{2f}$, arising from symmetric and antisymmetric light-diquark configurations, respectively. Within the framework of the constituent quark model, we calculate the magnetic moments of spin-parity configurations, $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-(\frac{1}{2}^+\otimes 0^-)$ and $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-, \frac{3}{2}^-(\frac{1}{2}^+\otimes 1^-)$, for each member of the $b\bar{c}$ and $c\bar{b}$ octets. Our results reveal a striking hierarchy: in the $8_{2f}$ representation, the $\frac{1}{2}^+\otimes 0^-$ states exhibit near-universal magnetic moments ($μ\approx -0.062\,μ_N$ for $b\bar{c}qqq$ and $μ\approx +0.362\,μ_N$ for $c\bar{b}qqq$), as a direct consequence of the spin-singlet light-diquark that suppresses light-quark contributions. In contrast, the $8_{1f}$ representation shows a broad spectrum of values with frequent sign changes, reflecting the active role of the symmetric light-diquark. The clear differences between the $b\bar{c}$ and $c\bar{b}$ families demonstrate explicit heavy-quark flavor symmetry breaking in electromagnetic observables. These predictions provide a detailed set of electromagnetic benchmarks that can serve as discriminants for the internal flavor structure and spin configuration of future experimentally observed open heavy-flavor pentaquarks, offering valuable guidance for ongoing and future searches at facilities such as LHCb and Belle II.

Magnetic moments of open bottom--charm molecular pentaquark octets

Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the magnetic moments of open heavy-flavor molecular pentaquarks with quark compositions and (where ). Employing a molecular picture in which the pentaquarks are treated as S-wave bound states of a heavy baryon and a meson, we systematically construct the complete spin--flavor wavefunctions for the two distinct SU(3) octet representations, and , arising from symmetric and antisymmetric light-diquark configurations, respectively. Within the framework of the constituent quark model, we calculate the magnetic moments of spin-parity configurations, and , for each member of the and octets. Our results reveal a striking hierarchy: in the representation, the states exhibit near-universal magnetic moments ( for and for ), as a direct consequence of the spin-singlet light-diquark that suppresses light-quark contributions. In contrast, the representation shows a broad spectrum of values with frequent sign changes, reflecting the active role of the symmetric light-diquark. The clear differences between the and families demonstrate explicit heavy-quark flavor symmetry breaking in electromagnetic observables. These predictions provide a detailed set of electromagnetic benchmarks that can serve as discriminants for the internal flavor structure and spin configuration of future experimentally observed open heavy-flavor pentaquarks, offering valuable guidance for ongoing and future searches at facilities such as LHCb and Belle II.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 9 sections, 20 equations, 1 figure, 4 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Wave Functions
  3. Magnetic Moments
  4. Results and Discussion
  5. Pseudoscalar channel: $\frac{1}{2}^+\otimes 0^-$, $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-$
  6. Vector channel: $\frac{1}{2}^+\otimes 1^-$, $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-$
  7. Vector channel: $\frac{1}{2}^+\otimes 1^-$, $J^P = \frac{3}{2}^-$
  8. Theoretical implications
  9. Final Remarks

Figures (1)

  • Figure 1: Magnetic moments of the open bottom--charm molecular pentaquark octets $bc\bar{}$ and $c\bar{b}$ in the $8_{1f}$ and $8_{2f}$ flavor representations. The results are shown for the $J^{P}=\frac{1}{2}^{-}$ ($\frac{1}{2}^{+}\!\otimes\!0^{-}$ and $\frac{1}{2}^{+}\!\otimes\!1^{-}$) and $J^{P}=\frac{3}{2}^{-}$ ($\frac{1}{2}^{+}\!\otimes\!1^{-}$) configurations, with magnetic moments expressed in units of the nuclear magneton $\mu_N$. The red color refers to $8_{1f}$ representation while the blue color refers to the $8_{2f}$ representation. The spin-parity configurations in Eq. \ref{['eq:JP']} are denoted by circle, triangle, and square, respectively.