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A Telescope System for Charge and Position Measurement of High Energy Nuclei

Dexing Miao, Zhiyu Xiang, Giovanni Ambrosi, Mattia Barbanera, Baasansuren Batsukh, Mengke Cai, Xudong Cai, Yuan-Hann Chang, Shanzhen Chen, Hsin-Yi Chou, Xingzhu Cui, Mingyi Dong, Matteo Duranti, Ke Gong, Mingjie Feng, Valerio Formato, Daojin Hong, Maria Ionica, Xiaojie Jiang, Yaozu Jiang, Liangchenglong Jin, Shengjie Jin, Vladimir Koutsenko, Tiange Li, Zuhao Li, Chih-Hsun Lin, Cong Liu, Pingcheng Liu, Xingjian Lv, Alberto Oliva, Ji Peng, Wenxi Peng, Rui Qiao, Shuqi Sheng, Gianluigi Silvestre, Congcong Wang, Feng Wang, Hongbo Wang, Zibing Wu, Suyu Xiao, Weiwei Xu, Sheng Yang, Xuhao Yuan, Xiyuan Zhang, Zijun Xu, Jianchun Wang

Abstract

A high-granularity telescope system with a large sensitive area and low material budget has been developed for high-energy heavy ion beam tests. The telescope consists of nine layers of silicon microstrip detectors (SSDs), whose performance was validated through a heavy ion beam test at the CERN SPS. A hybrid machine learning algorithm is proposed to address the challenges of nuclear charge measurement with SSDs. The system achieves a spatial resolution of $\mathcal{O}(1) \,$\SI{}{\micro\metre} and a charge resolution better than 0.16 charge units for nuclei from $Z = 1$ to $Z = 29$, with a sensitive area of $8 \times 8 \, \mathrm{cm}^2$. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the most precise charge and spatial resolution simultaneously achieved by a silicon telescope to date.

A Telescope System for Charge and Position Measurement of High Energy Nuclei

Abstract

A high-granularity telescope system with a large sensitive area and low material budget has been developed for high-energy heavy ion beam tests. The telescope consists of nine layers of silicon microstrip detectors (SSDs), whose performance was validated through a heavy ion beam test at the CERN SPS. A hybrid machine learning algorithm is proposed to address the challenges of nuclear charge measurement with SSDs. The system achieves a spatial resolution of \SI{}{\micro\metre} and a charge resolution better than 0.16 charge units for nuclei from to , with a sensitive area of . To the best of our knowledge, this represents the most precise charge and spatial resolution simultaneously achieved by a silicon telescope to date.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 16 sections, 4 equations, 19 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Telescope design with silicon microstrip detector
  3. Hybrid machine learning algorithm for nuclei charge measurement
  4. Previous methods of charge measurement with SSD
  5. BDT approach and training dataset preparation
  6. Charge label construction
  7. BDT training and testing
  8. Track reconstruction for nuclei
  9. Track finding with PID information
  10. Incident position reconstruction with eta algorithm
  11. Alignment and track fitting
  12. Performance
  13. Charge resolution of the telescope
  14. Spatial resolution of a single layer
  15. Telescope pointing resolution
  16. ...and 1 more sections

Figures (19)

  • Figure 1: (a) Photograph of a single SSD test board (SSTB), with the different components labeled. (b) Photograph of the telescope with SSTBs mounted on the aluminum support frames.
  • Figure 2: Response curve of the IDE1140 front-end chip obtained from a pulse injection study. The curve consists of two linear regions: the first from 0 to $250\, \mathrm{fC}$, and the second extending up to $1500\, \mathrm{fC}$.
  • Figure 3: Two-dimensional distribution of the seed channel value as a function of $\eta$. Distinct band-like structures corresponding to different nuclei are observed, each exhibiting a pronounced $\eta$ dependence.
  • Figure 4: Seed value vs $\eta$ distribution for carbon and sulfur events, selected by charge tagger. (a) Carbon before DBSCAN; (b) Carbon after DBSCAN; (c) Sulfur before DBSCAN; (d) Sulfur after DBSCAN.
  • Figure 5: Correlation distributions among channel amplitudes within a cluster for $Z \geq 20$ events. (a) Second-largest versus seed channel value, showing a vertical saturation structure near seed value $\approx 1.1 \times 10^4$ ADC LSB. (b) Third-largest versus second-largest channel value, retaining residual charge discrimination capability.
  • ...and 14 more figures