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Constraints on the Physical Association between ICECAT1 Neutrinos and Fast Radio Bursts Using the Second CHIME/FRB Catalogue

Hiroto Masaoka, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Shotaro Yamasaski, Yuhei Iwata, Tomoki Wada, Tomotsugu Goto, Shintaro Yoshiura, Kazuaki Hashiyama, Mareki Honma, Takuya Akahori, Kohei Kurahara

Abstract

We present a search for neutrino counterparts to fast radio bursts (FRBs) using temporal and spatial cross-matching between the Second CHIME/FRB catalogue and the IceCube high-energy alert-track catalogue ICECAT1. Because current FRB--neutrino models do not provide a unique consensus on emission ordering, our primary significance test adopts a two-sided, order-agnostic temporal hypothesis. The analysis accounts for declination-dependent CHIME/FRB exposure and the look-elsewhere effect across multiple trials. No statistically significant FRB--neutrino association is found. The most significant pair is FRB\,20190630C--IC\,190629A, with a post-trial probability of $p=0.076$ ($1.43σ$), consistent with a chance coincidence. Within our statistical framework, a detectable physical association would require a time offset shorter than $\sim256$~s at $3σ$ or $\sim63$~ms at $5σ$. Using a population-level stacking analysis, we derive 90\% upper limits on the neutrino-to-radio luminosity ratio of FRBs, $ξ\lesssim 10^{8}-10^{11}$ for neutrino power-law spectral indices $γ=1.0-3.0$. These limits improve upon previous constraints by approximately two orders of magnitude and represent the most stringent bounds from FRB--neutrino coincidence searches to date. Although the current limits remain above the predictions of most magnetar-based models, they begin to constrain scenarios involving exceptionally efficient hadronic energy dissipation.

Constraints on the Physical Association between ICECAT1 Neutrinos and Fast Radio Bursts Using the Second CHIME/FRB Catalogue

Abstract

We present a search for neutrino counterparts to fast radio bursts (FRBs) using temporal and spatial cross-matching between the Second CHIME/FRB catalogue and the IceCube high-energy alert-track catalogue ICECAT1. Because current FRB--neutrino models do not provide a unique consensus on emission ordering, our primary significance test adopts a two-sided, order-agnostic temporal hypothesis. The analysis accounts for declination-dependent CHIME/FRB exposure and the look-elsewhere effect across multiple trials. No statistically significant FRB--neutrino association is found. The most significant pair is FRB\,20190630C--IC\,190629A, with a post-trial probability of (), consistent with a chance coincidence. Within our statistical framework, a detectable physical association would require a time offset shorter than ~s at or ~ms at . Using a population-level stacking analysis, we derive 90\% upper limits on the neutrino-to-radio luminosity ratio of FRBs, for neutrino power-law spectral indices . These limits improve upon previous constraints by approximately two orders of magnitude and represent the most stringent bounds from FRB--neutrino coincidence searches to date. Although the current limits remain above the predictions of most magnetar-based models, they begin to constrain scenarios involving exceptionally efficient hadronic energy dissipation.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 11 sections, 12 equations, 2 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Initial search for potential neutrino-FRB associations
  3. Significance analysis
  4. Probability of a chance temporal coincidence $P_{\mathrm{T}}$
  5. Probability of a chance spatial coincidence $P_{\mathrm{S}}$
  6. Probability of a chance association between FRBs and neutrinos $p[\mathrm{FRB}|\nu,\,\Delta{T}]$
  7. Upper limit on neutrino / radio luminosity ratio
  8. Conversion from dispersion measure into redshift
  9. Neutrino-radio luminosity ratio
  10. Upper limit on the neutrino-radio luminosity ratio
  11. Discussion and Conclusion

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: The daily FRB detection rate derived from the Second CHIME/FRB Catalogue. The histogram shows the number of FRBs detected per day, binned in 30-day intervals. FRB 20190630C is shown as a representative example.
  • Figure 2: Declination dependencies of the spatial chance coincidence, $P_{\rm S}$ (blue squares; left vertical axis), and the total number of CHIME FRBs (magenta histogram; right vertical axis). The horizontal error bars on the blue squares indicate the positional uncertainty in declination for each neutrino event.