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Bouncing Cosmological Models and Energy Conditions in $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity

S. A. Kadam, V. A. Kshirsagar

Abstract

This study explores the bouncing solutions within the framework of modified $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity. We examine four prominent bouncing models, the symmetric bounce, super bounce, oscillatory bounce, and matter bounce, each of which has been extensively analyzed in the context of modified gravity theories. Our investigation focuses on the behavior of the Hubble parameter, the evolution of the scale factor, and the equation of state (EoS) parameters. Notably, the dynamics of the scale factor and Hubble parameter effectively support the bouncing scenario. During the bouncing epoch, the EoS parameters fall within the phantom region, reinforcing the viability of the bounce. To further validate the bouncing scenario, we assess the energy conditions associated with each model. Our findings reveal a violation of the null energy condition at the bouncing epoch, which successfully characterizes the model's bouncing behavior.

Bouncing Cosmological Models and Energy Conditions in $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity

Abstract

This study explores the bouncing solutions within the framework of modified gravity. We examine four prominent bouncing models, the symmetric bounce, super bounce, oscillatory bounce, and matter bounce, each of which has been extensively analyzed in the context of modified gravity theories. Our investigation focuses on the behavior of the Hubble parameter, the evolution of the scale factor, and the equation of state (EoS) parameters. Notably, the dynamics of the scale factor and Hubble parameter effectively support the bouncing scenario. During the bouncing epoch, the EoS parameters fall within the phantom region, reinforcing the viability of the bounce. To further validate the bouncing scenario, we assess the energy conditions associated with each model. Our findings reveal a violation of the null energy condition at the bouncing epoch, which successfully characterizes the model's bouncing behavior.
Paper Structure (10 sections, 19 equations, 5 figures)

This paper contains 10 sections, 19 equations, 5 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. FORMALISM OF $f(Q, L_m)$ GRAVITY THEORY
  3. FIELD EQUATIONS OF MODIFIED $f(Q,Lm)$ GRAVITY
  4. Bouncing Models
  5. Model I: Symmetric Bounce Scale Factor
  6. Model II: Superbounce Scale Factor
  7. Model III: Oscillatory Bounce Scale Factor
  8. Model IV: Matter Bounce Scale Factor
  9. Energy Conditions
  10. Summary and Conclusion

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: Evolution of the scale factor, Hubble parameter, and EoS parameter for Model I with the symmetric bounce scale factor.
  • Figure 2: Evolution of the scale factor, Hubble parameter, and EoS parameter for Model II with the superbounce scale factor.
  • Figure 3: Evolution of the scale factor, Hubble parameter, and EoS parameter for Model III with the oscillatory bounce scale factor.
  • Figure 4: Evolution of the scale factor, Hubble parameter, and EoS parameter for Model IV with the matter bounce scale factor.
  • Figure 5: Evolution of the energy conditions for the four bouncing cosmological models: (a) symmetric bounce, (b) superbounce, (c) oscillatory bounce, and (d) matter bounce.