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Nonperturbative Higgs-Schwinger mechanism at the origin of the gluon mass and color confinement

Giorgio Comitini

Abstract

Evidence from lattice and continuum studies supports the existence of a fully nonperturbative Higgs mechanism generating mass for gluons in the gauge sector of the strong interactions in linear covariant gauges. The broken charge is the Kugo-Ojima charge. The corresponding unphysical Goldstone boson is a bound-state superposition of two gluons, three gluons and a ghost-antighost pair. Mass generation occurs via the Schwinger mechanism, triggered by the formation of the Goldstone boson. Once corrected for symmetry breaking, the color charge operator is unbroken and confining.

Nonperturbative Higgs-Schwinger mechanism at the origin of the gluon mass and color confinement

Abstract

Evidence from lattice and continuum studies supports the existence of a fully nonperturbative Higgs mechanism generating mass for gluons in the gauge sector of the strong interactions in linear covariant gauges. The broken charge is the Kugo-Ojima charge. The corresponding unphysical Goldstone boson is a bound-state superposition of two gluons, three gluons and a ghost-antighost pair. Mass generation occurs via the Schwinger mechanism, triggered by the formation of the Goldstone boson. Once corrected for symmetry breaking, the color charge operator is unbroken and confining.
Paper Structure (5 sections, 25 equations, 2 figures)

This paper contains 5 sections, 25 equations, 2 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. A Goldstone boson for the massive gluon
  3. Symmetry breaking, symmetry preservation and color confinement
  4. Discussion
  5. Acknowledgments

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Lattice Landau-gauge Euclidean transverse gluon propagator as a function of momentum for different quark numbers $N_{f}$. Figure from FP25, data from BIMS09ABBC12BRR17DOS18ADFP20AADF21.
  • Figure 2: Diagrammatic depiction of the sum rule in Eq. \ref{['BSSE']}. The double line, curly line, dotted line, grey blob and solid dot represent, respectively, the external Goldstone boson, the gluon propagator, the ghost propagator, the Goldstone boson's proper vertices and the tree-level vertices reported in the equation.