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Gravitational waves from holographic first-order QCD phase transition with magnetic field

Man-Man Sun, Man-Li Tian, Zhou-Run Zhu

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) from a first-order QCD confinement-deconfinement phase transition under external magnetic field from holography. We analyze the GWs spectra across both hard wall and soft wall models for Jouguet detonations and non-runaway scenarios. Our results indicate that increasing the magnetic field shifts the spectral peak to lower frequencies. The predicted GWs signals are potentially detectable by observatories such as IPTA, SKA, BBO and NANOGrav. Decomposing the spectra reveals that sound waves typically dominate the signal around the peak frequency, bubble collisions prevail at spectral extremities, and the contribution from MHD turbulence is significant only for non-runaway bubble scenarios at high frequencies. This work suggests that magnetized QCD phase transitions are viable cosmological sources for observable GW backgrounds, offering a potential pathway to constrain primordial magnetic fields through future PTA observations.

Gravitational waves from holographic first-order QCD phase transition with magnetic field

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) from a first-order QCD confinement-deconfinement phase transition under external magnetic field from holography. We analyze the GWs spectra across both hard wall and soft wall models for Jouguet detonations and non-runaway scenarios. Our results indicate that increasing the magnetic field shifts the spectral peak to lower frequencies. The predicted GWs signals are potentially detectable by observatories such as IPTA, SKA, BBO and NANOGrav. Decomposing the spectra reveals that sound waves typically dominate the signal around the peak frequency, bubble collisions prevail at spectral extremities, and the contribution from MHD turbulence is significant only for non-runaway bubble scenarios at high frequencies. This work suggests that magnetized QCD phase transitions are viable cosmological sources for observable GW backgrounds, offering a potential pathway to constrain primordial magnetic fields through future PTA observations.
Paper Structure (4 sections, 18 equations, 8 figures)

This paper contains 4 sections, 18 equations, 8 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Holographic QCD phase transition with magnetic field
  3. Gravitational waves from holographic QCD phase transition with magnetic field
  4. Conclusion and discussion

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: The GWs spectrum produced from the first order QCD phase transition with magnetic field for Jouguet detonations within hard wall model. From right to left $B=0.1, 0.4,$ and $0.7$, respectively.
  • Figure 2: The total GWs frequency spectrum produced from the first order QCD phase transition at $B=0.1$ for Jouguet detonations within hard wall model. The solid black line denotes the total frequency spectrum. The contribution of bubble collision (dashed green line), sound waves (dashed blue line) and MHD turbulence (dashed red line) are plotted in this figure respectively.
  • Figure 3: The GWs spectrum produced from the first order QCD phase transition with magnetic field for non-runaway bubbles within hard wall model. From right to left $B=0.1, 0.4,$ and $0.7$, respectively.
  • Figure 4: The total GWs frequency spectrum produced from the first order QCD phase transition at $B=0.1$ for non-runaway bubbles within hard wall model. The solid black line denotes the total frequency spectrum. The contribution of sound waves (dashed blue line) and MHD turbulence (dashed red line) are plotted in this figure respectively.
  • Figure 5: The GWs spectrum produced from the first order QCD phase transition with magnetic field for Jouguet detonations within soft wall model. From right to left $B=0.1, 0.4,$ and $0.7$, respectively.
  • ...and 3 more figures