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Rydberg Atomic Receivers for Net-Zero 6G Wireless Communication and Sensing: Progress, Experiments, and Sustainable Prospects

Yi Tao, Zhen Gao, Zhiao Zhu, De Mi, Zhonghuai Wu, Zijian Zhang, Fusang Zhang, Dezhi Zheng, Sheng Chen

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the global drive to advance the green transformation of the information and communications technology (ICT) industry and leverage technological innovation to facilitate the achievement of Net-Zero carbon goals, research into Rydberg atomic receivers (RAREs) is gaining significant interest. RAREs leverage the electron transition phenomenon for signal reception, offering significant advantages over conventional radio frequency receivers in terms of miniaturized antenna design, high sensitivity, robust interference resistance, and compact form factors, which positions them as a competitive alternative for meeting zero-carbon communication demands. This article systematically elaborates on the basic principle, state-of-the-art progress, and novel experiments of RAREs in quantum wireless communication and sensing. In this first-of-its-kind work, we experimentally verify the RARE-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission and reveal the potential of deep learning design in optimizing quantum wireless systems. Finally, we delve into the prospect of integrating RARE with existing cutting-edge application scenarios, while mapping out critical pathways for developing Rydberg-based wireless systems.

Rydberg Atomic Receivers for Net-Zero 6G Wireless Communication and Sensing: Progress, Experiments, and Sustainable Prospects

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the global drive to advance the green transformation of the information and communications technology (ICT) industry and leverage technological innovation to facilitate the achievement of Net-Zero carbon goals, research into Rydberg atomic receivers (RAREs) is gaining significant interest. RAREs leverage the electron transition phenomenon for signal reception, offering significant advantages over conventional radio frequency receivers in terms of miniaturized antenna design, high sensitivity, robust interference resistance, and compact form factors, which positions them as a competitive alternative for meeting zero-carbon communication demands. This article systematically elaborates on the basic principle, state-of-the-art progress, and novel experiments of RAREs in quantum wireless communication and sensing. In this first-of-its-kind work, we experimentally verify the RARE-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission and reveal the potential of deep learning design in optimizing quantum wireless systems. Finally, we delve into the prospect of integrating RARE with existing cutting-edge application scenarios, while mapping out critical pathways for developing Rydberg-based wireless systems.
Paper Structure (16 sections, 2 equations, 4 figures)

This paper contains 16 sections, 2 equations, 4 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Preliminary of RAREs
  3. Review of Existing Rydberg Wireless Communication and Sensing
  4. Rydberg-Based Wireless Communication
  5. Rydberg-Based Wireless Sensing
  6. AI-Driven Rydberg OFDM Wireless Communication Experiment
  7. System Design
  8. AI Enhanced Rydberg Transmission
  9. Experimental Results
  10. Discussion and Insights
  11. Prospects and Challenges for Future Rydberg Wireless Communication and Sensing
  12. Rydberg Wireless Communication in Over-the-Horizon and Ultra-Long-Range Scenarios
  13. Rydberg Enabling Compact Multi-Band Integrated MIMO Array for 5G/6G
  14. Rydberg Wireless Communication and Sensing for Low Altitude Economy
  15. Rydberg Wireless Sensing for Sub-mm Detection
  16. ...and 1 more sections

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Rydberg atom fundamentals. (a) The schematic diagram of an LO-free RARE. (b) The real hardware of the LO-free RARE. (c) The atomic energy level diagram for RF sensing and measurement. (d) The schematic diagram of the Rydberg atom EIT signals and EIT-AT splitting.
  • Figure 3: The experimental workflow of the proposed AI-driven Rydberg OFDM wireless communication system. The transmitted image is of Johannes Robert Rydberg (1854-1919), a Swedish physicist and mathematician, and one of the founders of spectroscopy.
  • Figure 4: Rydberg wireless communication experimental results of the image transmission performance using PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS for evaluation.
  • Figure 5: Rydberg technology for Net-Zero enabled future wireless communication and sensing.