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Design and Development of Low-Cost Datalogger for Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring

Prasannaa Kumar D., Gulshan Kumar, Jay Dhariwal, Seshan Srirangarajan

Abstract

The rising demand for low-cost air quality monitors stems from increased public awareness and interest within the research community. These monitors play a pivotal role in empowering citizens and scientists to comprehend spatiotemporal variations in air quality parameters, aiding in the formulation of effective mitigation policies. The primary challenge lies in the diverse array of application scenarios these monitors encounter. The developed data logging device is exceptionally well-suited for air quality monitoring applications, offering exceptional versatility by seamlessly operating on a range of power sources, including solar energy, batteries, and direct electrical supply. The integration of a built-in battery charger enhances its applicability for deployment in regions with solar power or intermittent electricity availability. To ensure strong network connectivity, the advanced datalogger seamlessly integrates with WiFi, Bluetooth, and LoRaWAN networks. A notable feature is its adaptable MCU system, enabling users to swap the MCU based on specific connectivity, power, and computational requirements. Importantly, the system carefully identifies key parameters crucial for both indoor and outdoor air quality assessment, customizing sensor selection accordingly. Furthermore, optimization efforts have prioritized energy efficiency, enabling the system to function with minimal power consumption while maintaining data integrity. Additional I2C and UART ports facilitate the monitoring of supplementary parameters.

Design and Development of Low-Cost Datalogger for Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring

Abstract

The rising demand for low-cost air quality monitors stems from increased public awareness and interest within the research community. These monitors play a pivotal role in empowering citizens and scientists to comprehend spatiotemporal variations in air quality parameters, aiding in the formulation of effective mitigation policies. The primary challenge lies in the diverse array of application scenarios these monitors encounter. The developed data logging device is exceptionally well-suited for air quality monitoring applications, offering exceptional versatility by seamlessly operating on a range of power sources, including solar energy, batteries, and direct electrical supply. The integration of a built-in battery charger enhances its applicability for deployment in regions with solar power or intermittent electricity availability. To ensure strong network connectivity, the advanced datalogger seamlessly integrates with WiFi, Bluetooth, and LoRaWAN networks. A notable feature is its adaptable MCU system, enabling users to swap the MCU based on specific connectivity, power, and computational requirements. Importantly, the system carefully identifies key parameters crucial for both indoor and outdoor air quality assessment, customizing sensor selection accordingly. Furthermore, optimization efforts have prioritized energy efficiency, enabling the system to function with minimal power consumption while maintaining data integrity. Additional I2C and UART ports facilitate the monitoring of supplementary parameters.
Paper Structure (21 sections, 8 figures, 3 tables)

This paper contains 21 sections, 8 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Design of Datalogger
  3. Selection of Microcontrollers
  4. ESP32
  5. STM32G070KBT6
  6. STM32WL Series
  7. Selection of Sensors
  8. Particulate Matter Sensor
  9. CO2 Sensor
  10. Temperature and Humidity sensor
  11. Power Management
  12. Solar/DC Charger
  13. DC Step-up boost
  14. Low-dropout voltage regulator
  15. Voltage divider
  16. ...and 6 more sections

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: Block diagram of the modular datalogger for air quality monitoring.
  • Figure 2: Datalogger baseboard: (a) top view with components (b) bottom view with 18650 battery holder.
  • Figure 3: Microcontroller modules and datalogger baseboard: (a) baseboard (b) ESP32 module (c) STM32G070KBT6 module (d) STM32WLE5CC module.
  • Figure 4: Firmware flowchart of the datalogger operation.
  • Figure 5: Sensor network deployment: (a) Karakoram PM$_{2.5}$ data (b) Central Workshop PM$_{2.5}$ data (c) collocated datalogger setup with reference BAM (d) deployment locations and LoRa gateway.
  • ...and 3 more figures