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Production correlation of light (hyper-)nuclei in Au-Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan

Jiang-He Qiao, Jian-Yu Liu, Yan-Ting Feng, Feng-Lan Shao, Rui-Qin Wang

Abstract

Based on nucleons ($p$, $n$) and hyperons ($Λ$, $Ω^-$) formed at kinetic freeze-out from a quark combination model, we systematically study the production of light nuclei and hyper-nuclei in the hadronic coalescence picture. We present the analytical formula of the nucleus momentum distribution of two-body coalescence and that of three-body coalescence. We explain the experimental data of the transverse momentum spectra of deuteron ($d$), triton ($t$), helium-3 ($^3$He) and hypertriton ($^3_Λ$H) measured in Au-Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan I and II, and also provide the corresponding predictions of different $Ω-$hypernuclei $H(pΩ^-)$, $H(nΩ^-)$ and $H(pnΩ^-)$. We further study the production correlations of different species of light (hyper-)nuclei and discuss their interesting behaviors as a function of collision energy.

Production correlation of light (hyper-)nuclei in Au-Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan

Abstract

Based on nucleons (, ) and hyperons (, ) formed at kinetic freeze-out from a quark combination model, we systematically study the production of light nuclei and hyper-nuclei in the hadronic coalescence picture. We present the analytical formula of the nucleus momentum distribution of two-body coalescence and that of three-body coalescence. We explain the experimental data of the transverse momentum spectra of deuteron (), triton (), helium-3 (He) and hypertriton (H) measured in Au-Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan I and II, and also provide the corresponding predictions of different hypernuclei , and . We further study the production correlations of different species of light (hyper-)nuclei and discuss their interesting behaviors as a function of collision energy.
Paper Structure (11 sections, 30 equations, 11 figures, 3 tables)

This paper contains 11 sections, 30 equations, 11 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The coalescence model
  3. Formalism of two-body coalescence
  4. Formalism of three-body coalescence
  5. Transverse momentum spectra of light (hyper-)nuclei
  6. $p_T$ spectra of nucleons and hyperons
  7. $p_T$ spectra of light nuclei and hyper-nuclei
  8. Production correlations of light (hyper-)nuclei
  9. Yield ratios of light (hyper-)nuclei
  10. Average transverse momentum relations
  11. summary

Figures (11)

  • Figure 1: Invariant $p_T$ spectra of primordial protons in Au-Au collisions in $0-5$% centrality at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=9.2,~11.5,~17.3$ GeV and $0-10$% centrality at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7,~14.5,~19.6,~27,~39,~54.4,~62.4,~200$ GeV. Filled symbols are experimental data STAR:2022hbpliu2025measurement. Different lines are results of the QCM Feng:2022dln.
  • Figure 2: Invariant $p_T$ spectra of $\Lambda$ in central Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7,~9.2,~11.5,~14.5,~19.6,~27,~39,~54.4,~62.4$, and 200 GeV. Filled symbols are experimental data Bairathi:2015kymSTAR:2019bjjSTAR:2010yyvSTAR:2006egk. Solid lines are the results of the QCM with $\Sigma^0$ decay, and dashed-dotted lines are those of the QCM corrected contamination from $\Sigma^0$ decay Feng:2022dln.
  • Figure 3: Invariant $p_T$ spectra of $\Omega^-$ in central Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7,~9.2,~11.5,~14.5,~19.6,~27,~39,~54.4,~62.4$, and 200 GeV. Filled symbols are experimental data STAR:2019bjjSTAR:2010yyvSTAR:2006egk, and different lines are the results of the QCM Feng:2022dln.
  • Figure 4: Rapidity density of charged hadrons $dN_{\text{ch}}/dy$ as a function of collision energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. Filled symbols are experimental data STAR:2017salSTAR:2009sxcSTAR:2019vcpGopal:2022zgmSTAR:2008med, and solid lines are parameterized functions.
  • Figure 5: Invariant $p_T$ spectra of (a) $d$, (b) $t$, and (c) $^3$He in central Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$, 9.2, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4 and 200 GeV. Filled symbols are experimental data liu2025measurementSTAR:2022hbpSTAR:2019sjh. Different lines are theoretical results.
  • ...and 6 more figures