Logo
ScienceStack
Table of Contents
Fetching ...
Sign In

Angularly-Resolved 3D Foliage Modeling and Measurements at 60 and 80 GHz: From Stochastic Geometry to Deterministic Channel Characterization

Jiri Blumenstein, Radek Zavorka, Josef Vychodil, Tomas Mikulasek, Jaroslaw Wojtun, Jan M. Kelner, Cezary Ziolkowski, Rajeev Shukla, Markus Hofer, Thomas Zemen, Christoph F Mecklenbrauker, Aniruddha Chandra, Ales Prokes

Abstract

In this paper, we show a stochastic approach to generate a 3D model of a foliage, which is then used for deterministic ray-tracing channel modeling. This approach is verified by a measurement campaign at 60 and 80 GHz with 2 GHz bandwidth. The wireless channel is characterized by path-loss and RMS delay spread and we show the angular dependency of those parameters when the receiver is placed on a half-circle around the tree. Besides electromagnetic material properties, the 3D model is characterized by several interpretable parameters, including tree volume, leaf size, leaf density, and the tree crown shape parameter.

Angularly-Resolved 3D Foliage Modeling and Measurements at 60 and 80 GHz: From Stochastic Geometry to Deterministic Channel Characterization

Abstract

In this paper, we show a stochastic approach to generate a 3D model of a foliage, which is then used for deterministic ray-tracing channel modeling. This approach is verified by a measurement campaign at 60 and 80 GHz with 2 GHz bandwidth. The wireless channel is characterized by path-loss and RMS delay spread and we show the angular dependency of those parameters when the receiver is placed on a half-circle around the tree. Besides electromagnetic material properties, the 3D model is characterized by several interpretable parameters, including tree volume, leaf size, leaf density, and the tree crown shape parameter.
Paper Structure (9 sections, 11 equations, 5 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 9 sections, 11 equations, 5 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Stochastic 3D Foliage Modeling methodology
  3. Creation of the 3D foliage model
  4. Ray-tracing and measurements
  5. Ray-tracing
  6. Measurement campaign
  7. Measurement and ray-tracing simulation comparison
  8. Angularly-resolved RMS delay spread and path-loss
  9. Conclusion

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: Photo of the 60 and 80 GHz channel sounder. The RX is located on the left side from the measured foliage. The distance from the TX to the tree and from the tree to the RX is 15 m.
  • Figure 2: Top-down view on the ray-tracing scenario depicting the half-circular placement of receivers. For clarity, we depict rays only for $\alpha=90$°. $D$ stands for three crown diameter and the triangular element $\mathcal{F}_n$ represents $n$-th face. Please note that the LOS is suppressed and not visualized. We assume isotropic radiation. The transmitter is slightingly moved sideways to allow for visualization.
  • Figure 3: Measured and ray-traced PDPs and CIRs (in absolute value squared) for $\alpha=0$° at 80 GHz. We generate twenty random 3D foliage realizations for the given tree crown parameters.
  • Figure 4: CDF evaluation of the simulated and measured PDPs for (a) at 60 GHz and (b) at 80 GHz for $\alpha=105$°. Here, the tree crown density was varied such that $\rho \in \{0.05, 0.25 \}$. Please note that the subfigures (a) and (b) share the same legend.
  • Figure 5: The angularly resolved (a, b) path-loss and (c, d) RMS delay spread heatmaps for the 60 and 80 GHz bands. For each angle $\alpha$ we generated twenty random 3D realizations of the foliage with the given tree-crown parameters.