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Temperature in Glass Slides: measurement using Phase Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography and Computational Modeling

Jose M. Folgueiras, Lucas G. Chej, Luis L. Zurdo, Alejandro G. Monastra, Eneas N. Morel, Maria F. Carusela, Jorge R. Torga

Abstract

Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) enables precise, contactless measurements of temperature-dependent changes in transparent solids. In this work, we used a common-path spectral-domain OCT system to measure optical path differences (OPD) in a 1-mm-thick soda-lime glass slide immersed in a thermal bath. The OPD variation showed a strong linear correlation with temperature in the range of 20-52°C, with an experimentally determined sensitivity of 12.4 +- 1.9 nm/°C. A theoretical model incorporating the thermo-optic and thermal expansion coefficients of glass was proposed to interpret the measurements, and numerical simulations based on finite volume methods were performed to account for spatial temperature gradients in the system. The simulations showed agreement with experimental results within 5% error, validating the approach. Additionally, repeatability tests using lateral scans at constant temperature demonstrated sub-10 nm stability, supporting future extensions to spatially resolved thermal mapping. This technique provides a low-cost platform for localized temperature sensing in solid transparent materials.

Temperature in Glass Slides: measurement using Phase Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography and Computational Modeling

Abstract

Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) enables precise, contactless measurements of temperature-dependent changes in transparent solids. In this work, we used a common-path spectral-domain OCT system to measure optical path differences (OPD) in a 1-mm-thick soda-lime glass slide immersed in a thermal bath. The OPD variation showed a strong linear correlation with temperature in the range of 20-52°C, with an experimentally determined sensitivity of 12.4 +- 1.9 nm/°C. A theoretical model incorporating the thermo-optic and thermal expansion coefficients of glass was proposed to interpret the measurements, and numerical simulations based on finite volume methods were performed to account for spatial temperature gradients in the system. The simulations showed agreement with experimental results within 5% error, validating the approach. Additionally, repeatability tests using lateral scans at constant temperature demonstrated sub-10 nm stability, supporting future extensions to spatially resolved thermal mapping. This technique provides a low-cost platform for localized temperature sensing in solid transparent materials.
Paper Structure (11 sections, 10 equations, 9 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 11 sections, 10 equations, 9 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Theoretical Approach
  3. Experimental
  4. Setup
  5. Computational simulations
  6. Measurements and Data Processing
  7. Results
  8. Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation
  9. Spatial Profiling Capability and Repeatability
  10. Spatial Averaging Benefits
  11. Conclusions

Figures (9)

  • Figure 1: Schematic of the low-coherence interferometer setup. Key components: (a) SuperK white-light laser, (b) 50:50 fiber beam splitter, (c) collimator (d) HR4000 spectrometer.
  • Figure 2: Cross-sectional view of the temperature-controlled water bath assembly: (c) collimator (e) glass crystallizer, (f) glass slide, (g) plastic tube maintaining dry optical surface, (h) ceramic hot plate with PID controller, and (i) PT100 thermal sensor.
  • Figure 3: Photograph of the experimental setup showing: (a) SuperK white-light laser,(b) 50:50 fiber beam splitter, (d) HR4000 spectrometer, (j) fiber connection from laser source to the collimator.
  • Figure 4: Photograph of the experimental setup showing: (c) collimator (i) PT100 thermal sensor. (j) fiber connection from laser source, (k) cage-mounted collimation system, (l) temperature-controlled water bath.
  • Figure 5: 3D computational model (left) and mesh (right) of the experimental setup simulated in OpenFOAM. The colors on the right serve as a guide to distinguish the different regions of the computational model: fluid (red), slide glass (yellow) and cage-mounted collimation system (blue).
  • ...and 4 more figures