Blow-up structure of graphs excluding a tree or an apex-tree as a minor

Abstract

We prove blow-up structure theorems for graphs excluding a tree or an apex-tree as a minor. First, we show that for every $t$-vertex tree $T$ with $t\geq 3$ and radius $h$, and every graph $G$ excluding $T$ as a minor, there exists a graph $H$ with pathwidth at most $2h-1$ such that $G$ is contained in $H\boxtimes K_{t-2}$ as a subgraph. This improves on a recent theorem of Dujmović, Hickingbotham, Joret, Micek, Morin, and Wood (2024), who proved the same result but with a larger bound on the order of the complete graph in the product. Second, we show that for every $t$-vertex tree $T$ with $t\geq 2$, radius $h$ and maximum degree $d$, and every graph $G$ excluding the apex-tree $T^+$ as a minor, where $T^+$ is the tree obtained by adding a universal vertex to $T$, there exists a graph $H$ with treewidth at most $4h-1$ such that $G$ is contained in $H\boxtimes K_{2(t-1)d}$. The bound on the treewidth of $H$ is best possible up to a factor $2$, and improves on a $2^{h+2}-4$ bound that follows from a recent result of Dujmović, Hickingbotham, Hodor, Joret, La, Micek, Morin, Rambaud, and Wood (2024).

Theorems & Definitions (40)

• Theorem 1: Bienstock, Robertson, Seymour and Thomas bienstock1991quickly
• Theorem 2: Dujmović, Hickingbotham, Joret, Micek, Morin, Wood dujmovic2024excluded
• Theorem 2
• Theorem 3: Leaf and Seymour leaf2015tree
• Theorem 4: Liu and Yoo liu2025treewidthgraphexcludingapexforest
• Theorem 5: Dujmović, Hickingbotham, Hodor, Joret, La, Micek, Morin, Rambaud, Wood dujmovic2024grid
• Corollary 6: Dujmović et al. dujmovic2024grid, implicit
• Theorem 7
• Proposition 8
• Theorem 8