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IceCube Search for MeV Neutrinos from Mergers using Gravitational Wave Catalogs

Nora Valtonen-Mattila

Abstract

We report on a search using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory for MeV neutrinos from compact binary mergers detected through gravitational waves during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) O1, O2, and O3 observing runs. The search focuses on events involving at least one candidate neutron star, such as binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star--black hole (NSBH) mergers, which may produce a burst of thermal neutrinos due to the hot and dense conditions created during the merger. We looked for short-time increases in IceCube's detector activity around each gravitational-wave event, using four time windows centered on the merger time. We also performed a binomial test for two populations, those with and without at least one neutron star. No significant excess of neutrinos was found. We set upper limits on the MeV neutrino flux for each event, and we place constraints on MeV neutrino emission from mergers that have at least one neutron star. We showcase upper limits for GW170817, the first confirmed BNS merger, providing one of the strongest limits to date on MeV neutrino emission from such sources.

IceCube Search for MeV Neutrinos from Mergers using Gravitational Wave Catalogs

Abstract

We report on a search using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory for MeV neutrinos from compact binary mergers detected through gravitational waves during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) O1, O2, and O3 observing runs. The search focuses on events involving at least one candidate neutron star, such as binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star--black hole (NSBH) mergers, which may produce a burst of thermal neutrinos due to the hot and dense conditions created during the merger. We looked for short-time increases in IceCube's detector activity around each gravitational-wave event, using four time windows centered on the merger time. We also performed a binomial test for two populations, those with and without at least one neutron star. No significant excess of neutrinos was found. We set upper limits on the MeV neutrino flux for each event, and we place constraints on MeV neutrino emission from mergers that have at least one neutron star. We showcase upper limits for GW170817, the first confirmed BNS merger, providing one of the strongest limits to date on MeV neutrino emission from such sources.
Paper Structure (6 sections, 2 equations, 3 figures)

This paper contains 6 sections, 2 equations, 3 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Thermal Neutrinos from Transients
  3. Detection of MeV Neutrino Bursts in IceCube
  4. Searching for Thermal Neutrinos from GW Alerts
  5. Results
  6. Conclusions

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Simulation of detector counts for a Galactic CCSN at a distance of 10 kpc, binned in 50 ms, assuming two different masses, as a function of the time from core bounce. From Ref. IceCube:2023MeVNora
  • Figure 2: TS Distribution for GW 170817 for the four search windows, where the blue distribution is for the muon-corrected TS $\xi_{\mathrm{corr}}$. The black dashed line represent the on-time observed value (unblinded), with the p-value shown in the legend.
  • Figure 3: Upper limit on the electron antineutrino isotropic equivalent energy at source for mergers involving at least one NS, assuming a monochromatic spectrum with energies between 3 and 100 MeV.