Logo
ScienceStack
Table of Contents
Fetching ...
Sign In

Gaia GraL X.: The GraL catalogue of gravitationally lensed quasars Matched with \textit{Gaia} data, redshifts, and time delays

C. Ducourant, R. Teixeira, P. H. Vale-Cunha, L. Delchambre, A. Krone-Martins, J. Braine, L. Galluccio, J-F. Le Campion, O. S. Krinski-Moreira, S. Scarano, C. Boehm, T. Connor, S. G. Djorgovski, M. J. Graham, P. Jalan, Q. Petit, S. A. Klioner, F. Mignard, V. Negi, J. Sebastian den Brok, I. Slezak, E. Slezak, C. Spindola-Duarte, D. Stern, J. Surdej, D. Sweeney, D. J. Walton, J. Wambsganss

Abstract

Determining the Hubble constant tension requires alternative strategies, and multiply imaged quasars, with their intermediate redshifts, can potentially be used in this regard. We provide a currently complete catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed lensed quasars with ESA/{\it Gaia} astrometry and photometry, as well as redshifts and time delays when available. In addition to the improved astrometry, the catalogue increases the number of lensed quasars by a factor of 1.5 (now 364, of which 277 are doubles and 87 are quads or triples) and significantly increases the number of lensing galaxies detected (now 218), which represents a major step forward. Redshifts are provided for 347 quasars and 188 deflectors. A completely new table of time delays, required for estimates of $H_0$, is presented, with 195 time delays from 73 systems. {\it Gaia} absolute astrometry is sub-milliarcsecond and covers the entire sky. Future {\it Gaia} data releases will provide long-term photometry, which should provide many more time delays. The catalogues as presented here enable machine-learning techniques to be trained and tested and subsequently applied to the {\it Gaia} data releases. Finally, we derive simple but homogeneous models of the 18 quadruply imaged quasars for which images of all four components are presented in {\it Gaia} DR3.}

Gaia GraL X.: The GraL catalogue of gravitationally lensed quasars Matched with \textit{Gaia} data, redshifts, and time delays

Abstract

Determining the Hubble constant tension requires alternative strategies, and multiply imaged quasars, with their intermediate redshifts, can potentially be used in this regard. We provide a currently complete catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed lensed quasars with ESA/{\it Gaia} astrometry and photometry, as well as redshifts and time delays when available. In addition to the improved astrometry, the catalogue increases the number of lensed quasars by a factor of 1.5 (now 364, of which 277 are doubles and 87 are quads or triples) and significantly increases the number of lensing galaxies detected (now 218), which represents a major step forward. Redshifts are provided for 347 quasars and 188 deflectors. A completely new table of time delays, required for estimates of , is presented, with 195 time delays from 73 systems. {\it Gaia} absolute astrometry is sub-milliarcsecond and covers the entire sky. Future {\it Gaia} data releases will provide long-term photometry, which should provide many more time delays. The catalogues as presented here enable machine-learning techniques to be trained and tested and subsequently applied to the {\it Gaia} data releases. Finally, we derive simple but homogeneous models of the 18 quadruply imaged quasars for which images of all four components are presented in {\it Gaia} DR3.}
Paper Structure (13 sections, 3 equations, 7 figures)

This paper contains 13 sections, 3 equations, 7 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The catalogue
  3. Match with Gaia data
  4. Gaia DR3 and FPR
  5. Properties
  6. Redshifts
  7. Time delays
  8. Modelling of the quads
  9. Conclusions
  10. Portion of the catalogue of multiply imaged quasars
  11. Portion of the catalogue of published time delays
  12. Parameters of the SIE+shear lens model for quads with four detections in Gaia DR3
  13. Finding charts of the quadruply and triply imaged quasars

Figures (7)

  • Figure 1: Number of confirmed lensed quasars discovered per year. The lines correspond to the date of publication of Gaia DR1 (September 2016), DR2 (April 2018), and DR3 (June 2022).
  • Figure 2: All-sky chart in galactic coordinates of the lensed quasars from the catalogue. Quads are indicated with red crosses and doublets with blue dots. This full-sky map uses the Hammer–Aitoff projection in galactic coordinates, with $l=b=0$ at the centre, north up, and $l$ increasing from right to left.
  • Figure 3: Distributions of the astrometric and photometric parameters of sources matched with Gaia DR3. parallax_over_error and pm_over_error stand for the parameters divided by their errors.
  • Figure 4: Distribution of the spectroscopic redshifts of quasars and lensing galaxies collected from the literature (number per 0.2 redshift bins).
  • Figure 5: Distributions of the values of time delays ($|\Delta$$t_{AB}|$, $|\Delta$$t_{AC}|$, ...) for the known lenses listed in Table \ref{['timedelay_table']}.
  • ...and 2 more figures