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Emergency-Aware and Frequency-Constrained HVDC Planning for A Multi-Area Asynchronously Interconnected Grid

Yiliu He, Haiwang Zhong, Grant Ruan, Yan Xu, Chongqing Kang

Abstract

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has played a crucial role for long-distance transmission of renewable power generation. However, the integration of large-capacity HVDC lines introduces significant frequency security challenges during HVDC fault emergencies. This paper proposes an emergency-aware and frequency-constrained HVDC planning method to optimize the capacity of inter-area HVDC tie-lines in a multi-area asynchronously interconnected grid. Firstly, a coordinated emergency frequency control scheme is proposed to allocate the emergency control resources during HVDC faults. Then, an enhanced system frequency response model integrating event-driven emergency frequency control is developed and a weighted oblique decision tree approach is employed to extract frequency nadir security constraints. The proposed planning model considers all potential HVDC fault emergencies while treating candidate HVDC capacities as decision variables. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance in balancing economic efficiency with frequency security requirements, providing a practical solution for inter-area HVDC planning.

Emergency-Aware and Frequency-Constrained HVDC Planning for A Multi-Area Asynchronously Interconnected Grid

Abstract

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has played a crucial role for long-distance transmission of renewable power generation. However, the integration of large-capacity HVDC lines introduces significant frequency security challenges during HVDC fault emergencies. This paper proposes an emergency-aware and frequency-constrained HVDC planning method to optimize the capacity of inter-area HVDC tie-lines in a multi-area asynchronously interconnected grid. Firstly, a coordinated emergency frequency control scheme is proposed to allocate the emergency control resources during HVDC faults. Then, an enhanced system frequency response model integrating event-driven emergency frequency control is developed and a weighted oblique decision tree approach is employed to extract frequency nadir security constraints. The proposed planning model considers all potential HVDC fault emergencies while treating candidate HVDC capacities as decision variables. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance in balancing economic efficiency with frequency security requirements, providing a practical solution for inter-area HVDC planning.
Paper Structure (20 sections, 39 equations, 10 figures, 8 tables)

This paper contains 20 sections, 39 equations, 10 figures, 8 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Coordinated Emergency Frequency Control
  3. Event-Driven Emergency Frequency Control
  4. Coordination Strategy for Asynchronously Interconnected Areas
  5. Frequency Nadir Constraint Extraction
  6. Enhanced SFR Model with Event-Driven EFC
  7. Dimensionality Reduction by Equivalent Parameter Aggregation
  8. Simulation-Based SFR Dataset Generation
  9. Rule Extraction by Weighted Oblique Decision Tree
  10. Emergency-Aware HVDC Planning Method
  11. Planning Layer
  12. Operation Layer
  13. Emergency Control Layer
  14. Case Study
  15. Case Setup
  16. ...and 5 more sections

Figures (10)

  • Figure 1: Coordinated EFC scheme for a multi-area asynchronously interconnected grid.
  • Figure 2: Process for simulation-based SFR dataset generation.
  • Figure 3: The framework of the emergency-aware HVDC planning model.
  • Figure 4: The geographical layout and the generation mix of the modified RTS-GMLC test system.
  • Figure 5: Simulation results of the system frequency response model with different emergency control schemes.
  • ...and 5 more figures