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Compact sub-10 ps Resolution Radio Frequency Photomultiplier Tube

Sergey Abrahamyan, Simon Zhamkochyan, Hasmik Rostomyan, Amur Margaryan, Hayk Elbakyan, Aram Kakoyan, Artashes Papyan, Anna Safaryan, John Annand, Kenneth Livingston, Rachel Montgomery, Patrick Achenbach, Josef Pochodzalla, Dimiter Balabanski, Satoshi Nakamura, Viatcheslav Sharyy, Dominique Yvon, Ani Aprahamian, Vanik Kakoyan

Abstract

Experimental measurements of the radial spreading of photoelectrons emitted from a multi-alkali photocathode in a dedicated MCP-based photomultiplier tube have shown that, for photon wavelengths of 460 nm, 515 nm and 625 nm, the maximum initial energies of the emitted photoelectrons are approximately 0.3 eV, 0.2 eV and 0.1 eV respectively. Combining these experimental results with simulations performed using the SIMION simulation package, a compact radio-frequency photoelectron multiplier tube with a temporal resolution better than 10 ps is proposed. The device is suitable for applications in several fields, particularly in medical optical instruments employing time-correlated single-photon counting.

Compact sub-10 ps Resolution Radio Frequency Photomultiplier Tube

Abstract

Experimental measurements of the radial spreading of photoelectrons emitted from a multi-alkali photocathode in a dedicated MCP-based photomultiplier tube have shown that, for photon wavelengths of 460 nm, 515 nm and 625 nm, the maximum initial energies of the emitted photoelectrons are approximately 0.3 eV, 0.2 eV and 0.1 eV respectively. Combining these experimental results with simulations performed using the SIMION simulation package, a compact radio-frequency photoelectron multiplier tube with a temporal resolution better than 10 ps is proposed. The device is suitable for applications in several fields, particularly in medical optical instruments employing time-correlated single-photon counting.
Paper Structure (4 sections, 2 equations, 4 figures)

This paper contains 4 sections, 2 equations, 4 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Measurements
  3. Compact RFPMT design concept
  4. Conclusions

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Schematic of the experimental setup. 1 - photon source; 2 - quartz window; 3 - photocathode; 4 - accelerating mesh; 5 - photoelectron; 6 - MCP detector; 7 - resistive layer; 8 - delay-line anode, 9 - vacuum tube.
  • Figure 2: Measured secondary-electron transverse beam coordinates distributions for 455 nm (top), 515 nm (middle) and 625 nm (bottom) illumination. For each wavelength the X projection (left), Y projection (center), and two-dimensional Y vs X distribution (right) are shown.
  • Figure 3: Schematic of the compact RFPMT: 1 - quartz window, 2 - photocathode, 3 - accelerating mesh, 4 - RF deflector, 5 - position-sensitive detector, 6 - vacuum tube.
  • Figure 4: Estimated time resolution vs photocathode size for three electron energy spread scenarios: $\Delta E = 0-0.1$ eV (red circles), $\Delta E = 0-0.2$ eV (blue squares), and $\Delta E = 0-0.3$ eV (green triangles).