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Performance Evaluation of Delay Tolerant Network Protocols to Improve Nepal Earthquake Rescue Communications

Xiaofei Liu, Milena Radenkovic

Abstract

In the fields of disaster rescue and communication in extreme environments, Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) has become an important technology due to its "store-carry-forward" mechanism. Selecting the appropriate routing strategy is of crucial significance for improving the success rate of distress message transmission and reducing delays in material dispatch. We design a pseudo realistic use case of Nepal Kathmandu earthquake rescue based on dynamically changing population distribution model and characteristics of rescue activities in the initial rescue efforts in Nepal Kathmandu earthquakes to conducted the multi criteria two benchmark routing protocols performance analysis in the face of different buffer sizes of the rescue team nodes. We identify multiple real world node groups, including affected residents, rescue teams, drones and ground vehicles and communication models are established according to the movement behaviors of these groups. We analyze the communication of distress messages between edge nodes to obtain performance metrics such as delivered probability, average delay, hop count, and buffer time. By analyzing the multi layer complex data and protocols differences, the research results show the effectiveness of distributed DTN communication methods in the Nepal earthquake rescue use case, reveal existence of trade-offs between transmission reliability and resource utilization of different routing protocols in disaster communication environment and provide a basis for the design of next-generation emergency communication services based on edge nodes.

Performance Evaluation of Delay Tolerant Network Protocols to Improve Nepal Earthquake Rescue Communications

Abstract

In the fields of disaster rescue and communication in extreme environments, Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) has become an important technology due to its "store-carry-forward" mechanism. Selecting the appropriate routing strategy is of crucial significance for improving the success rate of distress message transmission and reducing delays in material dispatch. We design a pseudo realistic use case of Nepal Kathmandu earthquake rescue based on dynamically changing population distribution model and characteristics of rescue activities in the initial rescue efforts in Nepal Kathmandu earthquakes to conducted the multi criteria two benchmark routing protocols performance analysis in the face of different buffer sizes of the rescue team nodes. We identify multiple real world node groups, including affected residents, rescue teams, drones and ground vehicles and communication models are established according to the movement behaviors of these groups. We analyze the communication of distress messages between edge nodes to obtain performance metrics such as delivered probability, average delay, hop count, and buffer time. By analyzing the multi layer complex data and protocols differences, the research results show the effectiveness of distributed DTN communication methods in the Nepal earthquake rescue use case, reveal existence of trade-offs between transmission reliability and resource utilization of different routing protocols in disaster communication environment and provide a basis for the design of next-generation emergency communication services based on edge nodes.
Paper Structure (12 sections, 6 figures, 9 tables)

This paper contains 12 sections, 6 figures, 9 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Relative Work
  3. Nepal Rescue Use Case and Edge Communication Architecture Deployment
  4. Operation and Spatiotemporal Environment Design
  5. Edge Node Identification and Communication Interface Design
  6. Message Broadcast Logic and Routing Strategies
  7. Results and Evaluation
  8. Multi-criteria comparison of two protocols performance
  9. The Impact of Buffer Size on Communication Services
  10. Conclusion and Future Work
  11. Conclusion
  12. Future work

Figures (6)

  • Figure 1: Screenshot illustration in Nepal Earthquake Use Case
  • Figure 2: Location of built-up area and settlement along with other land cover areas in Kathmandu, Nepalb14
  • Figure 3: Message Delivery Success Rate Over Time of the Epidemic Protocol in Nepal Earthquake Use Case
  • Figure 4: Message Delivery Success Rate Over Time of the Spray and Wait Protocol in Nepal Earthquake Use Case
  • Figure 5: Hop Count Comparison Between Epidemic and Spray and Wait in Nepal Earthquake Use Case
  • ...and 1 more figures