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Nondestructive assessment of ripeness in kiwifruit with near-infrared pulse illumination

Hiyori Ishiji, Hiroki Kanatsu, Masaki Komatsubara, Shingo Minata, Masaki Uesugi, Kohei Yuguchi, Manabu Machida

Abstract

We investigate the ripeness of kiwifruit nondestructively with near-infrared pulse illumination. With this measurements in time domain, only one frequency (the wavelength 800 nm is required. Measurements were performed on three golden kiwifruits over a period of ten days. To quantify changes in temporal profiles of the detected light, we introduce two indices: the relative ripeness $r(n)$ and the first Wasserstein distance $W_1(n)$. Both indices exhibit nonmonotonic behavior.

Nondestructive assessment of ripeness in kiwifruit with near-infrared pulse illumination

Abstract

We investigate the ripeness of kiwifruit nondestructively with near-infrared pulse illumination. With this measurements in time domain, only one frequency (the wavelength 800 nm is required. Measurements were performed on three golden kiwifruits over a period of ten days. To quantify changes in temporal profiles of the detected light, we introduce two indices: the relative ripeness and the first Wasserstein distance . Both indices exhibit nonmonotonic behavior.
Paper Structure (9 sections, 10 equations, 4 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 9 sections, 10 equations, 4 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Material and methods
  3. Measurements
  4. Preprocessing
  5. Squared intensity displacement
  6. Wasserstein distance
  7. Results
  8. Discussion
  9. Conclusion

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Kiwi A.
  • Figure 2: Detected near-infrared light for Kiwi A.
  • Figure 3: For kiwis A, B, C, $d_n(t_k)^2$ are plotted for Dec 4 ($n=1$), Dec 6 ($n=2$), Dec 8 ($n=3$), Dec 10 ($n=4$), and Dec 12 ($n=5$).
  • Figure 4: The $1$st Wasserstein distance $W_1$ for $n=1$ (Dec 4), $n=2$ (Dec 6), $n=3$ (Dec 8), $n=4$ (Dec 10), and $n=5$ (Dec 12).