Enhancing the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Using Machine Learning

TL;DR

This study investigates the application of ML algorithms to improve the detection of CAD by analyzing patient data, including clinical features, imaging, and biomarker profiles, and demonstrates that these ML models outperformed traditional diagnostic methods in sensitivity and specificity.

Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection is critical to recover patient outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. In recent years, machine learning (ML) advancements have shown significant potential in enhancing the accuracy of CAD diagnosis. This study investigates the application of ML algorithms to improve the detection of CAD by analyzing patient data, including clinical features, imaging, and biomarker profiles. Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and a hybrid of Bi-LSTM+GRU were trained on large datasets to predict the presence of CAD. Results demonstrated that these ML models outperformed traditional diagnostic methods in sensitivity and specificity, offering a robust tool for clinicians to make more informed decisions. The experimental results show that the hybrid model achieved an accuracy of 97.07%. By integrating advanced data preprocessing techniques and feature selection, this study ensures optimal learning and model performance, setting a benchmark for the application of ML in CAD diagnosis. The integration of ML into CAD detection presents a promising avenue for personalized healthcare and could play a pivotal role in the future of cardiovascular disease management.

Figures (11)

• Figure 1: Block diagram of proposed methodology
• Figure 2: Training and validation loss of the Bi-LSTM model across epochs
• Figure 3: Training and validation accuracy of the Bi-LSTM model across epochs
• Figure 4: Confusion matrix of the Bi-LSTM model
• Figure 5: Training and validation loss of the GRU model across epochs