Comparative Analysis of Cross-Chain Token Standards
Fatemeh Heidari Soureshjani, Jan Gorzny
TL;DR
A comprehensive comparative analysis of five leading cross-chain token standards and frameworks reveals that while all these standards share the goal of seamless cross-chain fungibility, they differ significantly in implementation approach, trust model, and target ecosystem.
Abstract
Cross-chain token standards enable fungible tokens that exist across multiple blockchains with a unified total supply model. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of five leading cross-chain token standards and frameworks: the xERC20 standard (implementing ERC-7281), the Omnichain Fungible Token (OFT) standard, the Native Token Transfers (NTT) framework, the Cross-Chain Token (CCT) standard, and the SuperchainERC20 standard (implementing ERC-7802). We examine each standard's distinguishing properties and technical design, including architecture, message-passing mechanisms, interoperability scope, chain compatibility, and security features. Our analysis reveals that while all these standards share the goal of seamless cross-chain fungibility, they differ significantly in implementation approach, trust model, and target ecosystem.