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Probing non-unitarity of the PMNS matrix in P2SO and comparison with DUNE

Sambit Kumar Pusty, Samiran Roy, Monojit Ghosh, Rukmani Mohanta

Abstract

We compare the sensitivity of the upcoming long-baseline neutrino experiments Protvino to Super-ORCA (P2SO) and the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to non-unitarity (NU) of the leptonic mixing matrix in a model-independent framework. NU can arise in theories beyond the Standard Model that include heavy neutral leptons. These effects can modify neutrino oscillation probabilities and introduce new sources of CP violation, which may affect precision measurements of neutrino parameters. We find that DUNE provides stronger bounds on $α_{11}$ and $|α_{21}|$, while P2SO shows better sensitivity to $α_{22}$ and $α_{33}$, mainly due to its longer baseline and stronger matter effects. Our results show that DUNE (P2SO) will be able to improve the current bounds of $α_{11}$ ($α_{33}$). We further examine correlations with standard oscillation parameters and quantify the impact of NU on mass hierarchy, octant, and CP-violation sensitivities. Our results show that these sensitivities depend upon NU in a non-trivial way interconnecting the parameter degeneracies and matter effects. Our results demonstrate the complementarity of P2SO and DUNE in probing NU and show that NU can significantly influence next-generation precision oscillation studies.

Probing non-unitarity of the PMNS matrix in P2SO and comparison with DUNE

Abstract

We compare the sensitivity of the upcoming long-baseline neutrino experiments Protvino to Super-ORCA (P2SO) and the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to non-unitarity (NU) of the leptonic mixing matrix in a model-independent framework. NU can arise in theories beyond the Standard Model that include heavy neutral leptons. These effects can modify neutrino oscillation probabilities and introduce new sources of CP violation, which may affect precision measurements of neutrino parameters. We find that DUNE provides stronger bounds on and , while P2SO shows better sensitivity to and , mainly due to its longer baseline and stronger matter effects. Our results show that DUNE (P2SO) will be able to improve the current bounds of (). We further examine correlations with standard oscillation parameters and quantify the impact of NU on mass hierarchy, octant, and CP-violation sensitivities. Our results show that these sensitivities depend upon NU in a non-trivial way interconnecting the parameter degeneracies and matter effects. Our results demonstrate the complementarity of P2SO and DUNE in probing NU and show that NU can significantly influence next-generation precision oscillation studies.
Paper Structure (17 sections, 14 equations, 11 figures, 2 tables)

This paper contains 17 sections, 14 equations, 11 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. Formalism
  3. Analytical Expressions
  4. Experimental Details
  5. P2SO
  6. DUNE
  7. Simulation Details
  8. Results
  9. Sensitivity limits
  10. Allowed parameter space between $|\alpha_{21}|$ and $\phi_{21}$
  11. Allowed parameter space between $\alpha_{ij}$ and $\Delta m^2_{31}$
  12. Effect on Mass hierarchy
  13. Effect on Octant Sensitivity
  14. CP violation sensitivity
  15. Effect of NU parameters on the measurement of $\theta_{23}$ and $\Delta m^2_{31}$
  16. ...and 2 more sections

Figures (11)

  • Figure 1: Sensitivity to NU parameters ($\alpha_{ij}$) for P2SO (orange) and DUNE (green). The horizontal lines represent the $3\sigma$ and $90\%$ C.L. The lower left panel illustrates the off-diagonal NU parameter while other three are diagonal NU parameters.
  • Figure 2: Allowed parameter space in the $|\alpha_{21}|$-$\phi_{21}$ plane, for DUNE (green) and P2SO (orange) experiments at $3 \sigma$ C.L.
  • Figure 3: Allowed parameter space between $\alpha_{ij}$-$\Delta m^2_{31}$ at $3\sigma$ C.L. In each panel, magenta (blue) contour shows the parameter space for P2SO (DUNE) experiments at $3 \sigma$ C.L.
  • Figure 4: Mass hierarchy sensitivity in the presence of NU parameters ($\alpha_{ij}$) for P2SO (orange) and DUNE (green).
  • Figure 5: Appearance (left) and disappearance (right) probability difference (NH-IH) as a function of $\alpha_{ii}$ for DUNE and P2SO.
  • ...and 6 more figures