Anisotropic flows of light-flavor and charmed hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energy

Abstract

We apply a constituent quark equal-velocity combination (EVC) model to study the elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) and triangular flow ($v_{3}$) of light-flavor and single-charmed hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.76 and 5.02 TeV. $v_{2,3}$ of hadrons in the EVC model can be expressed as a linear superposition of the $v_{2,3}$ of quarks at the same velocity as that of the hadrons. We find that available experimental data for $v_{2}$ and $v_{3}$ of $p$, $Λ$, $Ξ$, and $Ω$ as the function of transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) can be consistently explained by the EVC formula using a $v_{2}$ of up/down quarks and a $v_{2}$ of strange quarks. In comparison with $v_{2}$ data of $φ$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$2.76 TeV which can be naturally explained by $v_{2}$ of strange quarks, explanation of data of $φ$ mesons at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$5.02 TeV requires an additional contribution of two-kaon coalescence, which indicates approximately 20% influence of final-state hadronic rescattering on $v_{2}$ of $φ$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$5.02 TeV. Using $v_{2}$ and $v_{3}$ of light-flavor quarks obtained in studying light-flavor hadrons and $v_{2}$ and $v_{3}$ of charm quarks determined from $D^{0}$ meson data, we apply the EVC model to predict the anisotropic flows of $D_{s}^{+}$, $Λ_{c}^{+}$, $Ξ_{c}^{0}$, and $Ω_{c}^{0}$ and compare them with the available experimental data. The preliminary data for $v_{2}$ of $D^{0}$, $D_{s}^{+}$, and $Λ_{c}^{+}$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 5.36 TeV are found to be naturally described by the EVC model.

Figures (13)

• Figure 1: $v_{2}$ of quarks as a function of $p_{T}$ in different centralities in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$2.76 and 5.02 TeV.
• Figure 2: The $v_{2}$ of (a) $p$, (b) $\Lambda$, (c) $\Xi$, (d) $\Omega,$ and (e) $\phi$ in different centralities in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$2.76 TeV. Symbols are the experimental data ALICE:2014wao and lines are model results.
• Figure 3: The $v_{2}$ of (a) $p$, (b) $\Lambda$, (c) $\Xi$, (d) $\Omega,$ and (e) $\phi$ in different centralities in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$5.02 TeV. Symbols are the experimental data ALICE:2022zksZhu:2019twz and lines are model results.
• Figure 4: The $v_{2}$ of $\phi$ mesons as a function of $p_{T}$ in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$5.02 TeV. Experimental data (symbols) are from Refs. ALICE:2022zksZhu:2019twz. Theoretical results including only the $s\overline{s}$ combination are shown as dashed lines and those incorporating both $s\overline{s}$ combination and two-kaon coalescence are shown as solid lines.
• Figure 5: $v_{3}$ of quarks as a function of $p_{T}$ in different centralities in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV.