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Curtail Renewables to Enhance Flexibility: A Regulated Forecast-based Dispatch Approach

Zhiyi Zhao, Ye Guo, Zhenjia Lin, Yinliang Xu

Abstract

This paper considers the flexibility degradation problem caused by excessive flexible ramping product (FRP) requirements with high variable energy resource (VER) penetration}. Based on the rolling-window co-optimization model of energy and FRP, theoretical analysis of this paper reveals a unit dispatch transfer effect, in which high FRP requirements under forecast-based dispatch (FBD) constrain real-time flexibility and distort economic efficiency. To alleviate this effect, a regulated forecast-based dispatch (RFBD) approach is proposed, which moderately caps VER outputs and enhances system flexibility. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively lowers FRP requirements and reduces operating cost compared with FBD.

Curtail Renewables to Enhance Flexibility: A Regulated Forecast-based Dispatch Approach

Abstract

This paper considers the flexibility degradation problem caused by excessive flexible ramping product (FRP) requirements with high variable energy resource (VER) penetration}. Based on the rolling-window co-optimization model of energy and FRP, theoretical analysis of this paper reveals a unit dispatch transfer effect, in which high FRP requirements under forecast-based dispatch (FBD) constrain real-time flexibility and distort economic efficiency. To alleviate this effect, a regulated forecast-based dispatch (RFBD) approach is proposed, which moderately caps VER outputs and enhances system flexibility. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively lowers FRP requirements and reduces operating cost compared with FBD.
Paper Structure (16 sections, 18 equations, 7 figures, 4 tables)

This paper contains 16 sections, 18 equations, 7 figures, 4 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Model Formulation
  3. Rolling-Window Dispatch Framework
  4. Energy-FRP Co-optimization Model
  5. FRP Requirements Determination
  6. Unit Dispatch Transfer
  7. Regulated Forecast-based Dispatch Approach
  8. Advisory Intervals ($\tau = t+1, \dots, t+W-1$)
  9. Binding Interval ($\tau = t$)
  10. FRP Requirements
  11. Case Studies
  12. Settings
  13. FRP Requirements
  14. Results
  15. Discussion
  16. ...and 1 more sections

Figures (7)

  • Figure 1: Rolling-window dispatch framework
  • Figure 2: Construction of 5-min forecast error.
  • Figure 3: $G_1$ binds at its upper capacity and $G_2$ at its ramp-up limit; additional FRU requirement induces a dispatch transfer from $G_1$ to $G_2$.
  • Figure 4: $G_1$ binds on ramp-down limit and $G_2$ on lower capacity; additional FRD requirement induces a dispatch transfer from $G_1$ to $G_2$.
  • Figure 5: Cross-feeding among two VER units
  • ...and 2 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (2)

  • proof
  • proof