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Continuous Blood Monitoring with Particle-based Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

Fatih E. Bilgen, Ozgur B. Akan

TL;DR

A framework for ubiquitous hematological profiling driven by Integrated Sensing and Communication is presented, and it is demonstrated how electromagnetic signals can be exploited to monitor blood in real-time, effectively converting them into diagnostic tools.

Abstract

Although the circulatory system functions as a continuous source of physiological data, contemporary diagnostics remain bound to intermittent, time-delayed assessments. To resolve this, we present a framework for ubiquitous hematological profiling driven by Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC). We demonstrate how electromagnetic signals can be exploited to monitor blood in real-time, effectively converting them into diagnostic tools. We analyze the biological foundations of blood, review existing Complete Blood Count (CBC) and sensing technologies, and detail a novel pipeline for continuous blood monitoring. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of deploying these devices to enable real-time CBC and biomarker detection, ultimately revolutionizing how we predict, detect, and manage individual and public health.

Continuous Blood Monitoring with Particle-based Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

TL;DR

A framework for ubiquitous hematological profiling driven by Integrated Sensing and Communication is presented, and it is demonstrated how electromagnetic signals can be exploited to monitor blood in real-time, effectively converting them into diagnostic tools.

Abstract

Although the circulatory system functions as a continuous source of physiological data, contemporary diagnostics remain bound to intermittent, time-delayed assessments. To resolve this, we present a framework for ubiquitous hematological profiling driven by Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC). We demonstrate how electromagnetic signals can be exploited to monitor blood in real-time, effectively converting them into diagnostic tools. We analyze the biological foundations of blood, review existing Complete Blood Count (CBC) and sensing technologies, and detail a novel pipeline for continuous blood monitoring. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of deploying these devices to enable real-time CBC and biomarker detection, ultimately revolutionizing how we predict, detect, and manage individual and public health.
Paper Structure (30 sections, 9 equations, 2 figures, 3 tables)

This paper contains 30 sections, 9 equations, 2 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The Composition of Human Blood Tissue
  3. The Formed Elements of Blood
  4. Plasma: The Liquid Matrix
  5. Pathological and Diagnostic Components
  6. State-of-the-Art in Blood Monitoring Technologies
  7. Advanced Automated Laboratory Hematology
  8. Point-of-Care (PoC) for CBC
  9. Laboratory Hematology vs. Point-of-Care
  10. ISAC for Continuous Blood Monitoring
  11. Electromagnetic Interaction Principles
  12. Electromagnetic Characterization of Biological Cells
  13. Mathematical Model
  14. Dielectric Modeling of Single Cells
  15. Multicomponent Effective Medium Homogenization
  16. ...and 15 more sections

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Schematic overview of human blood constituents. The figure classifies blood components into three distinct categories: Formed Elements, comprising the cellular fraction (erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes); Plasma, the liquid matrix containing proteins, dissolved gases, electrolytes, hormones, and nutrients; and Pathological and Diagnostic Components, which illustrates foreign pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites) and various biomarkers utilized for clinical health assessment Bilgen2026Fig1.
  • Figure 2: Continuous Blood Monitoring with Integrated Sensing and Communication system architecture showing signal processing pipeline Bilgen2026Fig2.