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Geometry-Dependent Radiation of Pinching Antennas: Theory, Simulation, and Measurement

Haoyang Li, Weidong Liu, Zhensheng Chen, Chaoyun Song, Gaojie Chen

Abstract

Most existing studies achieve beamforming by adjusting the positions of pinching antennas (PAs) and typically model PAs as isotropic radiators. However, under the dielectric scatterer model, the PA radiation pattern depends on its geometry. This letter investigates the radiation patterns of PAs with different geometries through full-wave simulations and measurements, and demonstrates how geometry influences the radiation directivity. In addition, an arc-shaped PA is introduced to enable transmit-direction control in PA systems. A PA system prototype consisting of a dielectric waveguide, waveguide transitions, and a PA element is proposed. Prototype measurements are used to validate the simulations and to characterize the directivity of square and triangular PAs, and the measurement procedure can be applied to obtain radiation patterns for PAs with general geometries. The simulation and measurement results jointly demonstrate that PA geometry is critical in PA systems because it influences the radiation characteristics significantly.

Geometry-Dependent Radiation of Pinching Antennas: Theory, Simulation, and Measurement

Abstract

Most existing studies achieve beamforming by adjusting the positions of pinching antennas (PAs) and typically model PAs as isotropic radiators. However, under the dielectric scatterer model, the PA radiation pattern depends on its geometry. This letter investigates the radiation patterns of PAs with different geometries through full-wave simulations and measurements, and demonstrates how geometry influences the radiation directivity. In addition, an arc-shaped PA is introduced to enable transmit-direction control in PA systems. A PA system prototype consisting of a dielectric waveguide, waveguide transitions, and a PA element is proposed. Prototype measurements are used to validate the simulations and to characterize the directivity of square and triangular PAs, and the measurement procedure can be applied to obtain radiation patterns for PAs with general geometries. The simulation and measurement results jointly demonstrate that PA geometry is critical in PA systems because it influences the radiation characteristics significantly.
Paper Structure (13 sections, 8 equations, 8 figures)

This paper contains 13 sections, 8 equations, 8 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System Model
  3. Existing Location Tuning based Beamforming
  4. Structure-Dependent Radiation of the PA Element
  5. Simulation Results
  6. Square Pinching Antenna
  7. Regular Triangular Pinching Antenna
  8. Arc Pinching Antenna
  9. Prototype and Experimental Results
  10. Prototype
  11. Measurement Deployment
  12. Experimental Results
  13. Conclusion

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: Illustration of a network with a single waveguide and $N$ pinching antennas.
  • Figure 2: Illustration of the considered pinching antenna system, where the waveguide is equipped with a single pinching antenna.
  • Figure 3: Configuration of the proposed pinching antenna system in simulation with a single PA.
  • Figure 4: Field distribution around the waveguide-PA interface and 2D antenna gain heat maps. (a), (b) Square PA. (c), (d) Triangular PA.
  • Figure 5: Structure and radiation pattern of the proposed arc PA. (a) The arc PA. (b) Radiation patterns of arc PA with different rotation angles.
  • ...and 3 more figures