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Wireless-Fed Pinching-Antenna Systems with Horn Antennas

Hao Feng, Ming Zeng, Ebrahim Bedeer, Xingwang Li, Octavia A. Dobre, Zhiguo Ding

Abstract

Pinching-antenna systems have recently emerged as a promising solution for enhancing coverage in high-frequency wireless communications by guiding signals through dielectric waveguides and radiating them via position-adjustable antennas. However, their practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by waveguide attenuation and line-installation requirements, which limit the achievable coverage range. To address this challenge, this paper investigates a wireless-fed pinching-antenna architecture that employs highly directional horn antennas to enable efficient coverage extension. Specifically, a full-duplex amplify-and-forward relay equipped with horn antennas is introduced between the base station and the waveguide input, which significantly improves the link budget in high-frequency bands while effectively eliminating self-interference. On this basis, we formulate a total power minimization problem subject to a quality-of-service constraint at the user equipment, involving the joint optimization of the pinching-antenna position, the relay amplification gain, and the base station transmit power. By exploiting the structure of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio, the optimal pinching-antenna position is first obtained in closed form by balancing waveguide attenuation and free-space path loss. Subsequently, closed-form expressions for the optimal relay gain and transmit power are derived. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme substantially outperforms conventional systems without relaying and relay-assisted transmission with fixed antennas in terms of total power consumption.

Wireless-Fed Pinching-Antenna Systems with Horn Antennas

Abstract

Pinching-antenna systems have recently emerged as a promising solution for enhancing coverage in high-frequency wireless communications by guiding signals through dielectric waveguides and radiating them via position-adjustable antennas. However, their practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by waveguide attenuation and line-installation requirements, which limit the achievable coverage range. To address this challenge, this paper investigates a wireless-fed pinching-antenna architecture that employs highly directional horn antennas to enable efficient coverage extension. Specifically, a full-duplex amplify-and-forward relay equipped with horn antennas is introduced between the base station and the waveguide input, which significantly improves the link budget in high-frequency bands while effectively eliminating self-interference. On this basis, we formulate a total power minimization problem subject to a quality-of-service constraint at the user equipment, involving the joint optimization of the pinching-antenna position, the relay amplification gain, and the base station transmit power. By exploiting the structure of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio, the optimal pinching-antenna position is first obtained in closed form by balancing waveguide attenuation and free-space path loss. Subsequently, closed-form expressions for the optimal relay gain and transmit power are derived. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme substantially outperforms conventional systems without relaying and relay-assisted transmission with fixed antennas in terms of total power consumption.
Paper Structure (7 sections, 2 theorems, 33 equations, 2 figures)

This paper contains 7 sections, 2 theorems, 33 equations, 2 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Proposed Wireless-fed Pinching-antenna Architecture with Horn Antennas
  3. Signal Model
  4. Problem Formulation
  5. Proposed Solution
  6. Numerical Results
  7. Conclusion

Key Result

Theorem 1

The optimal position $x_{\mathrm{Pin}}^\star$ is given in closed form as where $\Delta=4-4\alpha_D^2 (y_{\rm{UE}}^2+d^2 )$, $x_1=x_{\rm{UE}}- \frac{1+ \sqrt{1-\alpha_D^2(y_{\rm{UE}}^2+d^2 ) }}{\alpha_D}$, $x_2=x_{\rm{UE}}- \frac{1- \sqrt{1-\alpha_D^2(y_{\rm{UE}}^2+d^2 ) }}{\alpha_D}$, and $f(x)=\frac{e^{-\alpha_Dx}}{ (x_{\rm{UE}}-x)^2+ y_{\rm{UE}}^2 +d^2 }$.

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Transmit power as a function of $\gamma_0$ at $d_1 = 50$ m.
  • Figure 2: Transmit power as a function of $d_1$ at $\gamma_0 = 20$ dB.

Theorems & Definitions (2)

  • Theorem 1
  • Theorem 2