Logo
ScienceStack
Table of Contents
Fetching ...
Sign In

ASKAP J005512.2-255834: A Luminous, Long-Lived Radio Transient at z = 0.1 -- an Orphan Afterglow or an off-nuclear TDE from an IMBH?

Ashna Gulati, Tara Murphy, David L. Kaplan, Dougal Dobie, Charlotte Ward, Gemma Anderson, Manisha Caleb, Poonam Chandra, Jeff Cooke, Barnali Das, Adam Deller, Adelle Goodwin, Kelly Gourdji, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Emil Lenc, Anais Möller, James K. Leung, Stella Koch Ocker, Joshua Pritchard, Claudio Ricci, Elaine M. Sadler, Om Sharan Salafia, Kavya Shaji, Roberto Soria, Mark Suhr, Artem Tuntsov, Ziteng Wang

Abstract

We report the discovery of a slowly evolving, extragalactic radio transient, ASKAP J005512.2--255834 (hereafter ASKAP J0055-2558), identified using the Australian SKA Pathfinder in a search for orphan afterglows associated with archival gravitational wave events. Although discovered in this context, there is no evidence that the transient is associated with any known gravitational wave event. Nonetheless, this source exhibits a 20-fold increase in flux density over $<250$ days, and it remains in a declining, detectable state more than 1000 days after the initial detection. Follow-up observations from 0.3 to 9 GHz reveal an evolving spectrum consistent with synchrotron emission. ASKAP J0055-2558 is spatially coincident with a low-mass, star-forming galaxy at redshift $z = 0.116$ ($d_{\rm L}$= 543 Mpc), placing its peak radio luminosity at $νL_ν\sim 10^{39}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1}$. Analysis of its radio light curve, inferred blastwave velocity, energetics, host galaxy properties and the absence of counterparts at other wavelengths suggest that ASKAP J0055-2558 is most consistent with either the late-time phase of an orphan long gamma-ray burst afterglow or a tidal disruption event involving an intermediate-mass black hole spatially offset from the galaxy nucleus. The radio discovery of either of these phenomena is extremely rare, with only a few or no confirmed examples to date.

ASKAP J005512.2-255834: A Luminous, Long-Lived Radio Transient at z = 0.1 -- an Orphan Afterglow or an off-nuclear TDE from an IMBH?

Abstract

We report the discovery of a slowly evolving, extragalactic radio transient, ASKAP J005512.2--255834 (hereafter ASKAP J0055-2558), identified using the Australian SKA Pathfinder in a search for orphan afterglows associated with archival gravitational wave events. Although discovered in this context, there is no evidence that the transient is associated with any known gravitational wave event. Nonetheless, this source exhibits a 20-fold increase in flux density over days, and it remains in a declining, detectable state more than 1000 days after the initial detection. Follow-up observations from 0.3 to 9 GHz reveal an evolving spectrum consistent with synchrotron emission. ASKAP J0055-2558 is spatially coincident with a low-mass, star-forming galaxy at redshift (= 543 Mpc), placing its peak radio luminosity at . Analysis of its radio light curve, inferred blastwave velocity, energetics, host galaxy properties and the absence of counterparts at other wavelengths suggest that ASKAP J0055-2558 is most consistent with either the late-time phase of an orphan long gamma-ray burst afterglow or a tidal disruption event involving an intermediate-mass black hole spatially offset from the galaxy nucleus. The radio discovery of either of these phenomena is extremely rare, with only a few or no confirmed examples to date.
Paper Structure (18 sections, 2 equations, 1 figure)

This paper contains 18 sections, 2 equations, 1 figure.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Discovery
  3. Observations and Data Processing
  4. Radio Observations
  5. ASKAP
  6. ATCA
  7. uGMRT
  8. MeerKAT
  9. Parkes
  10. Optical/IR Observations
  11. Magellan Imaging
  12. ANU 2.3m WiFeS IFU spectroscopy
  13. Keck KCWI/KCRM IFU spectroscopy
  14. Keck MOSFIRE
  15. X-ray Observations
  16. ...and 3 more sections

Figures (1)

  • Figure 1: Radio light curves of ASKAP J0055–2558. The data span frequencies from 0.4 to 9 GHz, obtained with ASKAP ("$\circ$"), ATCA ("$\diamond$"), GMRT ("$\square$"), VLA ("$\triangle$") and MeerKAT ("$\boldsymbol{\times}$"). Different frequency bands are represented by distinct colours. 5$\sigma$ upper limits are indicated by downward arrows. The dashed red vertical line marks the last non-detection prior to the onset of detections, while the solid red vertical line marks the first radio detection.