Hyperuniformity in active fluids reshape nucleation and capillary-wave dynamics

Abstract

While nucleation in typical active and driven fluids often appears equilibrium-like, striking departures emerge when large-scale fluctuations are strongly suppressed. Here, we investigate nucleation in nonequilibrium hyperuniform fluids by projecting the full density-field dynamics onto relevant collective variables. We demonstrate that nucleation is governed by a nonequilibrium quasi-potential rather than the reversible work of formation. Surprisingly, because of the reduced hyperuniform fluctuations, the nucleation probability no longer separates into the usual surface and volume contributions. Furthermore, accounting for capillary waves reveals a clear breakdown of detailed balance driven by nonreciprocal dynamics. More broadly, our framework can be readily extended to identify nonequilibrium signatures in conventional active fluids.

Figures (2)

• Figure 1: Cartoon summarizing the parametrization Eq. \ref{['eq:param']} (a) Position $\bm X(t)$ of the droplet with radius $R(t)$. (b) Parametrization of the density field along $u(\bm r,t)=|\bm r-\bm X(t)|-R(t)$.
• Figure 2: Cartoon summarizing the new parametrization Eq. \ref{['eq:new_param']}.