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Atomic parity violation in highly charged $^{40,48}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb ions

A. V. Viatkina, Ch. G. Mertens, B. Ohayon, V. A. Yerokhin, A. Surzhykov

Abstract

We calculate parity-violation-induced E1 amplitudes for the $1s\rightarrow 2s$ and $1s^2 2s\rightarrow 1s^2 3s$ transitions in H- and Li-like ions of $^{40}$Ca, $^{48}$Ca, and $^{208}$Pb. In our analysis, we account for neutron skin effects and nuclear uncertainties for each nucleus. We consider the spin-independent weak-interaction contribution of the $Z^0$ boson described by standard model, as well as the effects of a hypothetical new $Z'$ boson of varying mass. We conclude that the neutron-skin corrections in the $^{40,48}$Ca isotope pair can mostly be neglected when considering $Z'$ boson effects, which is an advantage for the search for new parity-violating physics. On the other hand, both the neutron skin effect and the sensitivity to hypothetical $Z'$ interactions in $^{208}$Pb is shown to be significant.

Atomic parity violation in highly charged $^{40,48}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb ions

Abstract

We calculate parity-violation-induced E1 amplitudes for the and transitions in H- and Li-like ions of Ca, Ca, and Pb. In our analysis, we account for neutron skin effects and nuclear uncertainties for each nucleus. We consider the spin-independent weak-interaction contribution of the boson described by standard model, as well as the effects of a hypothetical new boson of varying mass. We conclude that the neutron-skin corrections in the Ca isotope pair can mostly be neglected when considering boson effects, which is an advantage for the search for new parity-violating physics. On the other hand, both the neutron skin effect and the sensitivity to hypothetical interactions in Pb is shown to be significant.
Paper Structure (13 sections, 40 equations, 1 figure, 7 tables)

This paper contains 13 sections, 40 equations, 1 figure, 7 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Theory
  3. Standard Model APV
  4. New APV Forces
  5. Neutron Skin and New Physics
  6. Matrix Elements
  7. Isotopic Difference and Ratio for $^{40,48}$Ca
  8. Results
  9. Nuclear Parameters
  10. Numerical Calculations
  11. Analysis
  12. Conclusion
  13. Acknowledgements

Figures (1)

  • Figure 1: APV-induced E1 transition between the ground and the first excited $s$ states in a) hydrogenlike and b) lithiumlike ions. In each case, only the levels providing the dominant contributions to the sum in Eq. \ref{['eq:E_PV']} are shown. The PV-mixing introduced by the Hamiltonian $\hat{h}_\mathrm{SM}$ between the nearly-degenerate $s$ and $p_{1/2}$ states is depicted using dotted lines, the electric-dipole-allowed transitions are represented by dashed arrows.