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Online Single-Channel Audio-Based Sound Speed Estimation for Robust Multi-Channel Audio Control

Andreas Jonas Fuglsig, Mads Græsbøll Christensen, Jesper Rindom Jensen

Abstract

Robust spatial audio control relies on accurate acoustic propagation models, yet environmental variations, especially changes in the speed of sound, cause systematic mismatches that degrade performance. Existing methods either assume known sound speed, require multiple microphones, or rely on separate calibration, making them impractical for systems with minimal sensing. We propose an online sound speed estimator that operates during general multichannel audio playback and requires only a single observation microphone. The method exploits the structured effect of sound speed on the reproduced signal and estimates it by minimizing the mismatch between the measured audio and a parametric acoustic model. Simulations show accurate tracking of sound speed for diverse input signals and improved spatial control performance when the estimates are used to compensate propagation errors in a sound zone control framework.

Online Single-Channel Audio-Based Sound Speed Estimation for Robust Multi-Channel Audio Control

Abstract

Robust spatial audio control relies on accurate acoustic propagation models, yet environmental variations, especially changes in the speed of sound, cause systematic mismatches that degrade performance. Existing methods either assume known sound speed, require multiple microphones, or rely on separate calibration, making them impractical for systems with minimal sensing. We propose an online sound speed estimator that operates during general multichannel audio playback and requires only a single observation microphone. The method exploits the structured effect of sound speed on the reproduced signal and estimates it by minimizing the mismatch between the measured audio and a parametric acoustic model. Simulations show accurate tracking of sound speed for diverse input signals and improved spatial control performance when the estimates are used to compensate propagation errors in a sound zone control framework.
Paper Structure (14 sections, 10 equations, 3 figures, 1 algorithm)

This paper contains 14 sections, 10 equations, 3 figures, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Frame-based Signal Model
  2. Online Sound Speed Estimation
  3. Modeling Sound Speed Effect on IRs & Signals
  4. Estimating Sound Speed
  5. Robust Control with Sound Speed Changes
  6. Sound Zone Control Background
  7. VAST Approach
  8. Sound Speed Estimation and Robust Control Algorithm
  9. Experimental Evaluation
  10. Simulation Setup
  11. Tracking Performance
  12. Sound Zone Control Performance
  13. Conclusion
  14. REFERENCES

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Simulation setup for evaluating online sound speed estimation and robust sound zone control performance.
  • Figure 2: Tracking performance with one active loudspeaker overlaid with spectrogram of non-filtered input signal. Showing the proposed (red: full grid & black: adaptive grid) and the true sound speed (blue) for different audio signals (columns), both without filtering and with non-speed-corrected (NC) filters for two different ranks (rows).
  • Figure 3: SZC for VAST ranks $V=1$ (a), $V=4041$ (b) and $V=LJ=8000$ (c) and different input signals (columns). For visibility the vertical axes are scaled according to performance between frames with speed changes. The proposed (blue dashed) is compared to uncorrected filters (red), oracle SICER (green) and GT performance (black).