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Device for MHz-rate rastering of arbitrary 2D optical potentials

Edita Bytyqi, Josiah Sinclair, Joshua Ramette, Vladan Vuletić

Abstract

Current architectures for neutral-atom arrays utilize devices such as acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) and spatial light modulators (SLMs) to multiplex a single classical control line into N qubit control lines. Dynamic control is speed-limited by the response time of AODs, and geometrically constrained to respect a product structure, limiting motion to row-by-row or column-by-column moves. We propose an optical rastering device that can produce any 2D pattern, not limited to grids, at 1 MHz refresh rates. We demonstrate a design with a resolution of 40 x 40 that can be further scaled up to 100 x 100 to match existing and future neutral atom devices. The ability to simultaneously transport atomic qubits in arbitrary directions will enhance qubit connectivity, enable more efficient circuits, and may have broader applications ranging from LiDAR to fluorescence microscopy.

Device for MHz-rate rastering of arbitrary 2D optical potentials

Abstract

Current architectures for neutral-atom arrays utilize devices such as acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) and spatial light modulators (SLMs) to multiplex a single classical control line into N qubit control lines. Dynamic control is speed-limited by the response time of AODs, and geometrically constrained to respect a product structure, limiting motion to row-by-row or column-by-column moves. We propose an optical rastering device that can produce any 2D pattern, not limited to grids, at 1 MHz refresh rates. We demonstrate a design with a resolution of 40 x 40 that can be further scaled up to 100 x 100 to match existing and future neutral atom devices. The ability to simultaneously transport atomic qubits in arbitrary directions will enhance qubit connectivity, enable more efficient circuits, and may have broader applications ranging from LiDAR to fluorescence microscopy.
Paper Structure (4 sections, 3 equations, 6 figures)

This paper contains 4 sections, 3 equations, 6 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Supplementary Materials
  2. S1. Experimental setup
  3. S2. Design considerations
  4. S3. Counter-propagating configuration of AOD

Figures (6)

  • Figure 1: A 2D beam deflector for arbitrary pattern generation, combining a slow-axis pair of AODs (DAOD) and a fast-axis VIPA-EOM system. The DAOD generates the deflection along the $x$-axis (slow axis) and the VIPA separates the optical frequencies generated by the EOM, resulting in a deflection along the $y$-axis (fast axis).
  • Figure 2: (Top) Acoustic defocusing effects for a single AOD and a DAOD undergoing a linear scan across 36 MHz. (Bottom) Dynamic resolution for AOD and DAOD as a function of scan time. Data are fit to theoretical formulae in the text. A resolution of 17 is maintained with the DAOD for linear scans with a sweep rate of up to 1 MHz.
  • Figure 3: VIPA sideband turn-off time measured on a photodetector, $t_{\text{fast}} = (4.8 \pm 0.4$) ns.
  • Figure 4: An arbitrary optical pattern generated by the raster device capable of moving atoms initially placed in the same row (pink boxes) simultaneously in different directions. This is impossible with a standard 2D AOD device.
  • Figure S1: Experimental setup of 2D rastering device, including paths for calibrating the DAOD system, determining the resolution, and testing the switching speed of VIPA sidebands.
  • ...and 1 more figures