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Simulation Study for Particle Identification with the dRICH of the ePIC Experiment at the EIC

Tiziano Boasso, Chatterjee Chandradoy, Dalla Torre Silvia, Martin Anna, Tessarotto Fulvio, Agarwala Jinky, Contalbrigo Marco, Polizzi Lorenzo, Occhiuto Luisa, Del Caro Annalisa, Nagorna Tetiana, Osipenko Mikhail, Vallarino Simone, Farokhi Fateme, Kiselev Alexander, Bhadauria Rohit Singh, Ghosh Tapasi, Nunez Cynthia, Pecar Connor, George Nebin, Rajan Adithyan, Samuel Deepak, Jangid Rohit, Kumar Ramandeep, Laishram Girdish, Tanvi Tanya, Thakur Meenu

TL;DR

The paper assesses the dRICH performance for forward PID in the ePIC experiment at the EIC using Geant4-based simulations within the DD4hep framework. It compares two aerogel configurations (n=1.019 vs n=1.026) and evaluates the impact of SiPM dark noise up to 300 kHz per channel on $3σ$ kaon-pion separation and detector purity. The higher-index aerogel improves photon yield and extends the overlapping PID range with the gas radiator, while dark noise causes a modest degradation (~1.5 GeV/c) but preserves high purities (≈99% for the gas ring and ≈96% for the aerogel ring). Overall, the study validates the current dRICH design and provides quantitative expectations for PID performance under realistic operating conditions at the EIC.

Abstract

The dual-radiator Imaging Cherenkov detector (dRICH) is a key component of the forward particle identification system for the ePIC experiment at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). This study evaluates the dRICH performance using Geant4 simulations in the context of the global ePIC simulation stack, focusing on the optimization of the aerogel radiator and the impact of sensor noise. We compare two aerogel configurations: the initial design (n=1.019) and the current default (n=1.026). The latter, characterized by improved optical properties and a higher refractive index, demonstrates enhanced $π-K$ separation at high momenta, effectively extending the operational overlap with the $\mathrm{C_2F_6}$ gas radiator. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) dark noise, showing that a 300 kHz noise rate per channel leads to a moderate reduction (approximately 1.5 GeV/c) in the $3σ$ separation threshold. These results validate the current dRICH design and quantify the purity levels achievable for both radiators under expected experimental conditions.

Simulation Study for Particle Identification with the dRICH of the ePIC Experiment at the EIC

TL;DR

The paper assesses the dRICH performance for forward PID in the ePIC experiment at the EIC using Geant4-based simulations within the DD4hep framework. It compares two aerogel configurations (n=1.019 vs n=1.026) and evaluates the impact of SiPM dark noise up to 300 kHz per channel on kaon-pion separation and detector purity. The higher-index aerogel improves photon yield and extends the overlapping PID range with the gas radiator, while dark noise causes a modest degradation (~1.5 GeV/c) but preserves high purities (≈99% for the gas ring and ≈96% for the aerogel ring). Overall, the study validates the current dRICH design and provides quantitative expectations for PID performance under realistic operating conditions at the EIC.

Abstract

The dual-radiator Imaging Cherenkov detector (dRICH) is a key component of the forward particle identification system for the ePIC experiment at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). This study evaluates the dRICH performance using Geant4 simulations in the context of the global ePIC simulation stack, focusing on the optimization of the aerogel radiator and the impact of sensor noise. We compare two aerogel configurations: the initial design (n=1.019) and the current default (n=1.026). The latter, characterized by improved optical properties and a higher refractive index, demonstrates enhanced separation at high momenta, effectively extending the operational overlap with the gas radiator. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) dark noise, showing that a 300 kHz noise rate per channel leads to a moderate reduction (approximately 1.5 GeV/c) in the separation threshold. These results validate the current dRICH design and quantify the purity levels achievable for both radiators under expected experimental conditions.
Paper Structure (5 sections, 4 figures)

This paper contains 5 sections, 4 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Simulation software scheme
  3. Improving Aerogel Performance
  4. Noise Impact
  5. Conclusions

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Reconstructed $m^2$ as a function of momentum for single particle events in the dRICH simulation environment. The plot was produce using the n=1.019 aerogel.
  • Figure 2: $N\sigma\ \pi-K$ curve for the two aerogel; $n=1.019$ is labels as "old" and the current default as "new".
  • Figure 3: Signal purity as a function of momentum for the aerogel ring. It increase up to saturation resembling the photon yield.
  • Figure 4: $N\sigma$ curve with and without simulating the noise.