A Theoretical Framework for Adaptive Utility-Weighted Benchmarking

TL;DR

Addresses the gap between static benchmarks and deployment contexts by proposing H-Bench, a multilayer adaptive network that jointly models evaluation metrics, model components, and stakeholder groups. It embeds conjoint-derived utilities as network weights and uses an adaptive update rule to evolve benchmarks while maintaining stability and interpretability, recasting leaderboards as a special case. The framework enables context-aware, human-aligned evaluation through spectral and diffusion analyses of the supra-adjacency network and provides theoretical guarantees on convergence and robustness to preference shifts. The work has practical implications for fairness, accountability, and governance in AI evaluation, offering a principled path toward more transparent and stakeholder-aligned benchmarking practices.

Abstract

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and comparing approaches. As AI systems are deployed in more varied and consequential settings, though, there is growing value in complementing these established practices with a more holistic conceptualization of what evaluation should represent. Of note, recognizing the sociotechnical contexts in which these systems operate invites an opportunity for a deeper view of how multiple stakeholders and their unique priorities might inform what we consider meaningful or desirable model behavior. This paper introduces a theoretical framework that reconceptualizes benchmarking as a multilayer, adaptive network linking evaluation metrics, model components, and stakeholder groups through weighted interactions. Using conjoint-derived utilities and a human-in-the-loop update rule, we formalize how human tradeoffs can be embedded into benchmark structure and how benchmarks can evolve dynamically while preserving stability and interpretability. The resulting formulation generalizes classical leaderboards as a special case and provides a foundation for building evaluation protocols that are more context aware, resulting in new robust tools for analyzing the structural properties of benchmarks, which opens a path toward more accountable and human-aligned evaluation.