Chirped Gaussians Have Maximal Frame Sets
Wenchang Sun, Weiqi Zhou
TL;DR
The paper proves that chirped Gaussians $h_{\lambda}\cdot\varphi_{\gamma}$ have maximal frame sets: their Gabor frame set equals all positive pairs $(\alpha,\beta)$ with $\alpha\beta<1$. It achieves this by reducing general chirped Gaussians to a special product-convolution form using the fractional Fourier transform and chirp interactions, and by establishing exact frame criteria: $\mathcal{G}(\varphi_{\gamma},Q\mathbb Z^2)$ is a frame if and only if $0<|\det Q|<1$. Additionally, it analyzes the Zak transform of these chirped Gaussians via theta-function representations, showing a unique simple zero at the center $(\tfrac12,\tfrac12)$ of the unit square for all $\lambda\neq0$ and $\gamma>0$, linking zero structure to maximality results. Together, these results extend maximal-frame-window knowledge to a new complex-valued Wiener-class of windows and provide exact criteria for frame completeness in the subcritical density regime, with implications for frame design in time-frequency analysis.
Abstract
Let $\varphi(x)=e^{-πx^2}$ be the Gaussian and $h_λ(x)=e^{-πiλx^2}$ be a chirp where $λ\in\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}$ is a parameter. For $γ>0$, let $\varphi_γ(x)=e^{-πγ^2x^2}$ be the dilated Gaussian, we prove that for any such $λ,γ$, the chirped Gaussian $h_λ\cdot \varphi_γ$ always has maximal frame set, i.e., its frame set consists of precisely all positive pairs $(α,β)$ with $αβ<1$. The proof is by using fractional Fourier transform to establish maximality on certain product-convoluted (with chirps) Gaussians first, then reduce general single chirped cases to it. It follows that $\mathcal g(\varphi_γ,Q\mathbb Z^2)$ is a frame for $Q\in\mathbb R^{2\times 2}$ if and only if $0<|\det Q|<1$. In addition, with the theta function we also show that the Zak transform $Z(h_λ\cdot\varphi_γ)$ always has a unique simple zero at the center of the unit square.