DataCrumb: A Physical Probe for Reflections on Background Web Tracking
Sujay Shalawadi, Katrina Hvítklett, Anna Stentoft Ries, Aisho Mohamed Ali, Florian Echtler
TL;DR
DataCrumb addresses the invisibility of background web tracking by turning live data flows into tangible sensory feedback. The authors employ a research-through-design approach and deploy a perceptual artifact in three homes to prompt reflection rather than control. The findings show that sensory disruption, ambiguity, and repetition foster new awareness of tracking and reveal the limits of user control. The work suggests design strategies that support interpretation and sustained attention to data flows in domestic settings, with implications for privacy design that prioritize reflective engagement over prescriptive controls.
Abstract
Cookie banners and privacy settings attempt to give users a sense of control over how their personal data is collected and used, but background tracking of personal information often continues unnoticed. To explore how such invisible data collection might be made more perceptible, we present DataCrumb, a physical probe that reacts in real-time to data tracking with visual and auditory feedback. Using a research-through-design approach, we deployed the artifact in three households and studied participants' responses. Instead of providing details about what data was being tracked, the artifact introduced subtle disruptions that made background data flows harder to ignore. Participants described new forms of awareness, contradiction, and fatigue. Our findings show how sensory feedback can support reflection by drawing attention to tracking data flows that are usually hidden. We argue for designing systems that foster awareness and interpretation, especially when the users' control and understanding are limited.