Quantum Fisher Information Revealing Parameter Sensitivity in Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiments

Abstract

Determination of the leptonic CP-violating phase $δ_{\mathrm{CP}}$, the atmospheric mixing angle $θ_{23}$, and the mass-squared difference $Δm_{31}^{2}$ constitutes a primary objective of current and next-generation long-baseline neutrino experiments. We employ QFI (QFI) to establish fundamental precision bounds on single-parameter estimation in three-flavor $ν_μ\to ν_e$ oscillations, treating the neutrino as an evolving pure quantum state. Computing QFI as a function of the baseline-to-energy ratio $L/E$ for benchmark parameter sets from NuFit-6.0, we find distinct sensitivity hierarchies and $L/E$-dependent structures. Specifically, $δ_{\mathrm{CP}}$ and $θ_{23}$ exhibit bimodal QFI profiles with peaks at $L/E \sim 500$ and $1500~\mathrm{km/GeV}$, corresponding to the first and second oscillation maxima, reaching $F_Q(δ_{\mathrm{CP}}) \sim 0.15$ and $F_Q(θ_{23}) \sim 15$, respectively. In contrast, $Δm_{31}^{2}$ displays a unimodal structure peaking at $L/E \sim 1000$--$1200~\mathrm{km/GeV}$ with $F_Q(Δm_{31}^{2}) \sim 3 \times 10^{6}$, reflecting its role in setting the oscillation length scale.

Figures (6)

• Figure 1: QFI ${F}_Q(\delta_{\rm CP})$ and the oscillation probability $P(\nu_\mu \to \nu_e)$ as functions of $L/E$. The blue curves show the QFI, while the red curves represent the transition probability. Solid lines correspond to the NuFit-6.0 IC24 dataset including Super-Kamiokande (S-K) atmospheric data, whereas dashed lines correspond to the IC19 dataset without S-K data.
• Figure 2: QFI for $\Theta_{\rm 23}$ as functions of $L/E$. The green curves show QFI where solid line correspond to the NuFit-6.0 IC24 dataset including S-K atmospheric data, whereas dashed line correspond to the IC19 dataset without S-K data.
• Figure 3: QFI for $\Delta m_{\rm 31}^{2}$ as function of $L/E$. The purple curves show QFI, where solid line correspond to the NuFit-6.0 IC24 dataset including S-K atmospheric data, whereas dashed line correspond to the IC19 dataset without S-K data.
• Figure 4: QFI ${F}_Q(\delta_{\rm CP})$ and the $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ oscillation probability as functions of $L/E$ for the NuFit-6.0 IC24 dataset including S-K atmospheric data. The blue solid and orange dashed curves show the QFI for NO and IO, respectively. The red solid and green dashed curves represent the corresponding $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ transition probabilities for NO and IO.
• Figure 5: QFI ${F}_Q(\Theta_{\rm 23})$ as function of $L/E$ for the NuFit-6.0 IC24 dataset including S-K atmospheric data. The green solid and red dashed curves show the QFI for normal ordering (NO) and inverted ordering (IO), respectively.