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The scaling relations of galaxies with different morphology: comparison among WINGS, MANGA and Illustris data samples

Mauro D'Onofrio, Francesco Brevi, Cesare Chiosi, Paola Marziani

TL;DR

This paper tackles how galaxies of different morphologies populate multi-parameter scaling-relations planes and how observational samples compare with state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. The authors analyze 2D distributions in planes built from key structural and photometric parameters using two large datasets, WINGS and MANGA, and quantify differences with energy-distance and KS tests, highlighting biases from sky subtraction, morphology classification, and sampling. They then compare observed distributions to Illustris-TNG simulations (TNG50 and TNG100), finding only qualitative agreement and significant 2D-distribution mismatches that depend on morphology and dataset, underscoring the need for standardized procedures. The work emphasizes that robust tests of galaxy-formation models require matched, homogeneous samples and consistent parameter definitions to meaningfully validate simulations.

Abstract

We present a panoramic view of several scaling relations (ScRs) of galaxies of different morphology. The ScRs are obtained from the data of two large surveys (WINGS and MANGA). We analyze the distribution (parameterized by the percent over the total) of galaxies in each region of the diagnostic planes that are set up by means of suitable physical quantities. In addition to this, we discuss the origin of the differences observed in the ScRs between the two samples. Finally, we compare the observational data with the theoretical ones taken from two subsets of the Illustris large scale simulations (TNG50 and TNG100) and we discuss how the comparison should be performed for a correct statistical answer.

The scaling relations of galaxies with different morphology: comparison among WINGS, MANGA and Illustris data samples

TL;DR

This paper tackles how galaxies of different morphologies populate multi-parameter scaling-relations planes and how observational samples compare with state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. The authors analyze 2D distributions in planes built from key structural and photometric parameters using two large datasets, WINGS and MANGA, and quantify differences with energy-distance and KS tests, highlighting biases from sky subtraction, morphology classification, and sampling. They then compare observed distributions to Illustris-TNG simulations (TNG50 and TNG100), finding only qualitative agreement and significant 2D-distribution mismatches that depend on morphology and dataset, underscoring the need for standardized procedures. The work emphasizes that robust tests of galaxy-formation models require matched, homogeneous samples and consistent parameter definitions to meaningfully validate simulations.

Abstract

We present a panoramic view of several scaling relations (ScRs) of galaxies of different morphology. The ScRs are obtained from the data of two large surveys (WINGS and MANGA). We analyze the distribution (parameterized by the percent over the total) of galaxies in each region of the diagnostic planes that are set up by means of suitable physical quantities. In addition to this, we discuss the origin of the differences observed in the ScRs between the two samples. Finally, we compare the observational data with the theoretical ones taken from two subsets of the Illustris large scale simulations (TNG50 and TNG100) and we discuss how the comparison should be performed for a correct statistical answer.
Paper Structure (10 sections, 5 equations, 34 figures, 2 tables)

This paper contains 10 sections, 5 equations, 34 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The galaxy samples
  3. The range of galaxy parameters
  4. The $I_e - R_e$ plane
  5. The $R_e$-$M^*$ plane
  6. The $M_V$-$(B-V)$ plane
  7. The $n$-$L$ plane
  8. The $L-\sigma$ plane
  9. Comparison with the Illustris simulation
  10. Conclusions

Figures (34)

  • Figure S1: Histograms of the measured parameters for the WINSG and MANGA samples. Black histogram: WINGS. Red histogram: MANGA.
  • Figure S2: Comparison of the measured parameters for the 58 galaxies in common between WINGS and MANGA.
  • Figure S3: Histograms of the measured parameters for E galaxies in the WINSG and MANGA samples. Black histogram: WINGS. Red histogram: MANGA.
  • Figure S4: Histograms of the measured parameters for S0 galaxies in the WINSG and MANGA samples. Black histogram: WINGS. Red histogram: MANGA.
  • Figure S5: Histograms of the measured parameters for Sa galaxies in the WINSG and MANGA samples. Black histogram: WINGS. Red histogram: MANGA.
  • ...and 29 more figures