Influence of intraspecies interactions on the diversity of the wetting phase diagram in dilute ternary Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This work analyzes how intraspecies interactions shape the wetting phase diagram of a dilute ternary Bose-Einstein condensate. Using Gross-Pitaevskii mean-field theory and a double-parabola approximation in the strong 1–2 segregation limit, it builds the wetting diagram in the space of healing-length ratios and identifies the nucleation, critical, and first-order lines. A key finding is that, when varying healing-length ratios, a single degenerate point governs the intersection of phase boundaries, in contrast to previous interspecies-space results that yielded two degenerate points; the degenerate point obeys Young’s law and renders certain interfacial tensions independent of surfactant thickness. These insights clarify interfacial phenomena in multicomponent quantum gases and offer experimental guidance for observing wetting transitions in ultracold atomic systems.

Abstract

We investigate the influence of intraspecies interactions on the structure and diversity of the wetting phase diagram in a dilute ternary Bose-Einstein condensates. Within the GP formalism, we employ the double-parabola approximation to describe the interfacial properties of the system in the limit of strong segregation between two of the components. Our analysis focuses on the static behavior near degenerate points where distinct phase boundaries intersect in the parameter space defined by the healing-length ratios. We demonstrate that the first-order and critical wetting transition lines, along with the nucleation line intersect at a unique degenerate point. This finding contrasts with previous studies in the interspecies interaction space, where two degenerate points were observed. These results provide new insights into the interfacial phase behavior of multicomponent quantum gases and offer theoretical guidance for experimental explorations of wetting phenomena in ultracold atomic systems.

Figures (5)

• Figure 1: The nucleation line (blue line) of the surfactant as a function of $\bar{\xi}_3/\xi_1$ at $K_{13}=3,K_{23}=2K_{13}$ and $\bar{\xi}_3/\xi_2=2\bar{\xi}_3/\xi_1$.
• Figure 2: The wetting phase diagram in the $(\xi_3/\xi_1,\xi_3/\xi_2)$-plane fixed $K_{13}=3$ and $K_{23}=2K_{13}$. The black line corresponds to the nucleation line, the red and blue lines correspond to the first-order and critical wetting lines.
• Figure 3: The reduced interfacial tension $\tilde{\gamma}=\gamma/(4P\xi_2)$ versus the healing length ratio $\xi_3/\xi_1$ at $K_{13}=3,K_{23}=2K_{13}$. The black, red and blue curves correspond to $\tilde{\gamma}_{12},\tilde{\gamma}_{13}+\tilde{\gamma}_{23}$ and $\tilde{\gamma}_{12(3)}$, respectively; moving along a line (a) $\xi_3/\xi_2=\xi_3/\xi_1$ and (b) $\xi_3/\xi_2=0.4\xi_3/\xi_1$.
• Figure 4: The wetting phase diagram in the complete symmetric system in $(1/K,\xi_3/\xi)$-plane.
• Figure 5: The location of degenerate points in (a) $(1/K_{13},1/K_{23})$-plane and (b) $(\xi_3/\xi_1,\xi_3/\xi_2)$-plane